महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-72, verse-38

वृत्तिग्लाने सीदति चातिमात्रं कृष्यर्थं वा होमहेतोः प्रसूत्याम् ।
गुर्वर्थं वा बालसंवृद्धये वा धेनुं दद्याद्देशकाले विशिष्टे ॥३८॥

38. vṛttiglāne sīdati cātimātraṁ; kṛṣyarthaṁ vā homahetoḥ prasūtyām ,
gurvarthaṁ vā bālasaṁvṛddhaye vā; dhenuṁ dadyāddeśakāle viśiṣṭe.

38. vṛttiglāne sīdati ca atimātram
kṛṣyartham vā homahetoḥ prasūtyām
gurvartham vā bālasaṃvṛddhaye vā
dhenum dadyāt deśakāle viśiṣṭe

38. dhenum dadyāt viśiṣṭe deśakāle
vṛttiglāne ca atimātram sīdati vā
kṛṣyartham vā homahetoḥ prasūtyām
gurvartham vā bālasaṃvṛddhaye vā

38. When someone is excessively distressed due to a diminished livelihood, or for the purpose of agriculture, or for a (Vedic fire ritual) (homa), or for procreation, or for the sake of one's teacher (guru), or for the growth of children, one should donate a cow at an appropriate time and place.

Words meanings summery:

• वृत्तिग्लाने (vṛttiglāne) - in a state of diminished livelihood (in a state of livelihood's decline/distress)

• सीदति (sīdati) - suffers, is distressed (sinks, sits down, despairs, suffers)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अतिमात्रम् (atimātram) - excessively (excessively, very much)

• कृष्यर्थम् (kṛṣyartham) - for the purpose of agriculture

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• होमहेतोः (homahetoḥ) - for the purpose of a (Vedic fire ritual) (homa) (for the purpose of a (homa), for the cause of a (homa))

• प्रसूत्याम् (prasūtyām) - for procreation/progeny (in birth, in childbearing, in progeny)

• गुर्वर्थम् (gurvartham) - for the sake of one's teacher (guru) (for the purpose of the guru, for the sake of the teacher)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• बालसंवृद्धये (bālasaṁvṛddhaye) - for the growth of children (for the growth/welfare of children)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• धेनुम् (dhenum) - a cow (cow)

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should donate (one should give)

• देशकाले (deśakāle) - at an appropriate place and time (in place and time, at a suitable place and time)

• विशिष्टे (viśiṣṭe) - appropriate (special, distinguished, appropriate)

Words meanings and morphology

वृत्तिग्लाने (vṛttiglāne) - in a state of diminished livelihood (in a state of livelihood's decline/distress)

(adjective)

Locative, singular of vṛttiglāna

vṛttiglāna - distressed in livelihood, impaired in means of subsistence

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛtti+glāna)

• vṛtti – livelihood, subsistence, conduct, profession, state
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• glāna – weary, faded, distressed, sick
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root glai- 'to be weary'
  Root: glai (class 1)

Note: Refers to the state of a person (masculine implied) whose livelihood is distressed.

सीदति (sīdati) - suffers, is distressed (sinks, sits down, despairs, suffers)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sīd

Present active indicative

Root: sad (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अतिमात्रम् (atimātram) - excessively (excessively, very much)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (ati+mātra)

• ati – over, beyond, very, excessively
  indeclinable
• mātra – measure, quantity, only, merely
  noun (neuter)
  Root: mā (class 2)

कृष्यर्थम् (kṛṣyartham) - for the purpose of agriculture

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṛṣi+artha)

• kṛṣi – agriculture, plowing, cultivation
  noun (feminine)
  Root: kṛṣ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

होमहेतोः (homahetoḥ) - for the purpose of a (Vedic fire ritual) (homa) (for the purpose of a (homa), for the cause of a (homa))

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of homahetu

homahetu - purpose/cause of (homa)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (homa+hetu)

• homa – (Vedic fire ritual), oblation
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root hu- 'to offer'
  Root: hu (class 3)
• hetu – cause, reason, purpose, motive
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hi (class 5)

Note: Ablative case used to denote purpose.

प्रसूत्याम् (prasūtyām) - for procreation/progeny (in birth, in childbearing, in progeny)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of prasūti

prasūti - birth, production, generation, progeny, childbearing

Prefix: pra

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Locative can indicate purpose.

गुर्वर्थम् (gurvartham) - for the sake of one's teacher (guru) (for the purpose of the guru, for the sake of the teacher)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+artha)

• guru – teacher, spiritual guide (guru), heavy, important
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

बालसंवृद्धये (bālasaṁvṛddhaye) - for the growth of children (for the growth/welfare of children)

(noun)

Dative, feminine, singular of bālasaṃvṛddhi

bālasaṁvṛddhi - growth of children, welfare of children

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāla+saṃvṛddhi)

• bāla – child, young, infant
  noun (masculine)
• saṃvṛddhi – growth, increase, prosperity, welfare
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root vṛdh- with prefix saṃ-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Dative case for purpose.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

धेनुम् (dhenum) - a cow (cow)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dhenu

dhenu - milch cow, cow

Note: Object of 'dadyāt'.

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should donate (one should give)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dā

Optative active

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Expresses recommendation/obligation.

देशकाले (deśakāle) - at an appropriate place and time (in place and time, at a suitable place and time)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of deśakāla

deśakāla - place and time, suitable place and time

Compound type : dvandva (deśa+kāla)

• deśa – place, country, region
  noun (masculine)
• kāla – time, season, period
  noun (masculine)

Note: Locative of place and time; often used as a single compound to mean 'appropriate time and place'.

विशिष्टे (viśiṣṭe) - appropriate (special, distinguished, appropriate)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of viśiṣṭa

viśiṣṭa - distinguished, excellent, special, appropriate, specific

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'śiṣ' with prefix 'vi-'. 'śiṣ' means 'to distinguish', 'to be special'.

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)