महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-72, verse-35

अलाभे यो गवां दद्यात्तिलधेनुं यतव्रतः ।
दुर्गात्स तारितो धेन्वा क्षीरनद्यां प्रमोदते ॥३५॥

35. alābhe yo gavāṁ dadyāttiladhenuṁ yatavrataḥ ,
durgātsa tārito dhenvā kṣīranadyāṁ pramodate.

35. alābhe yaḥ gavām dadyāt tila-dhenum yata-vrataḥ
durgāt saḥ tāritaḥ dhenvā kṣīra-nadyām pramodate

35. yaḥ yata-vrataḥ gavām alābhe tila-dhenum dadyāt
saḥ dhenvā durgāt tāritaḥ kṣīra-nadyām pramodate

35. The disciplined person (yatavrataḥ) who, in the absence of cows, donates a sesame-cow (tiladhenu), is rescued from difficulties by that cow and rejoices in a river of milk.

Words meanings summery:

• अलाभे (alābhe) - in the absence (of cows) (in the absence, in the non-acquisition, for want of)

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever, which)

• गवाम् (gavām) - of cows (of cows, of cattle)

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should donate (should give, may give, would give)

• तिल-धेनुम् (tila-dhenum) - a sesame-cow (tiladhenu) (a sesame-cow (a symbolic cow made of sesame seeds))

• यत-व्रतः (yata-vrataḥ) - the disciplined person (one whose vows are restrained, disciplined, ascetic)

• दुर्गात् (durgāt) - from difficulties (from difficulties, from a fortress, from a difficult place)

• सः (saḥ) - he (the disciplined person) (he, that)

• तारितः (tāritaḥ) - rescued (rescued, caused to cross over, delivered)

• धेन्वा (dhenvā) - by the (sesame-)cow (by the cow)

• क्षीर-नद्याम् (kṣīra-nadyām) - in a river of milk

• प्रमोदते (pramodate) - rejoices (rejoices, delights, is glad)

Words meanings and morphology

अलाभे (alābhe) - in the absence (of cows) (in the absence, in the non-acquisition, for want of)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of alābha

alābha - non-acquisition, absence of gain, want

nominalization

Derived from prefix a- (negation) + root √labh (to obtain), nominalized.

Prefix: a

Root: labh (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

गवाम् (gavām) - of cows (of cows, of cattle)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, ray of light

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should donate (should give, may give, would give)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of √dā

optative active

Derived from root √dā (to give), 3rd person singular optative active.

Root: dā (class 3)

तिल-धेनुम् (tila-dhenum) - a sesame-cow (tiladhenu) (a sesame-cow (a symbolic cow made of sesame seeds))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tila-dhenu

tila-dhenu - a cow made of sesame seeds (for ritual donation)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tila+dhenu)

• tila – sesame seed, sesame plant
  noun (masculine)
• dhenu – milch cow, cow
  noun (feminine)

यत-व्रतः (yata-vrataḥ) - the disciplined person (one whose vows are restrained, disciplined, ascetic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yata-vrata

yata-vrata - one whose vows are restrained, disciplined, ascetic

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yata+vrata)

• yata – restrained, controlled, disciplined (Past Passive Participle)
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √yam (to restrain, to control).
  Root: yam (class 1)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

दुर्गात् (durgāt) - from difficulties (from difficulties, from a fortress, from a difficult place)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of durga

durga - fortress, difficult place, difficulty, distress

Derived from prefix dur- (bad, difficult) + √gam (to go).

Prefix: dur

Root: gam (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he (the disciplined person) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तारितः (tāritaḥ) - rescued (rescued, caused to cross over, delivered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tārita

tārita - caused to cross over, rescued, delivered

Past Passive Participle (causative)

Derived from the causative form of root √tṝ (to cross over).

Root: tṝ (class 1)

धेन्वा (dhenvā) - by the (sesame-)cow (by the cow)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of dhenu

dhenu - milch cow, cow

क्षीर-नद्याम् (kṣīra-nadyām) - in a river of milk

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of kṣīra-nadī

kṣīra-nadī - river of milk (mythological)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kṣīra+nadī)

• kṣīra – milk, sap, fluid
  noun (neuter)
• nadī – river
  noun (feminine)

प्रमोदते (pramodate) - rejoices (rejoices, delights, is glad)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of pramodate

present middle

Derived from root √mud (to rejoice) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: mud (class 1)