महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-72, verse-47

यस्त्वेतेनैव विधिना गां वनेष्वनुगच्छति ।
तृणगोमयपर्णाशी निःस्पृहो नियतः शुचिः ॥४७॥

47. yastvetenaiva vidhinā gāṁ vaneṣvanugacchati ,
tṛṇagomayaparṇāśī niḥspṛho niyataḥ śuciḥ.

47. yaḥ tu etena eva vidhinā gām vaneṣu anugacchati
tṛṇagomayaparṇāśī niḥspṛhaḥ niyataḥ śuciḥ

47. tu yaḥ etena eva vidhinā gām vaneṣu anugacchati
tṛṇagomayaparṇāśī niḥspṛhaḥ niyataḥ śuciḥ

47. But whoever follows a cow in the forests, precisely by this method, subsisting on grass, cow-dung, and leaves, remains free from desire, disciplined, and pure.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, whoever

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• एतेन (etena) - by this, by him

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

• विधिना (vidhinā) - by rule, by method, by regulation

• गाम् (gām) - cow

• वनेषु (vaneṣu) - in the forests, in the woods

• अनुगच्छति (anugacchati) - follows, goes after

• तृणगोमयपर्णाशी (tṛṇagomayaparṇāśī) - one who eats grass, cow-dung, and leaves

• निःस्पृहः (niḥspṛhaḥ) - desireless, free from desire

• नियतः (niyataḥ) - disciplined, restrained, controlled

• शुचिः (śuciḥ) - pure, clean, holy

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, whoever

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of 'anugacchati'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

एतेन (etena) - by this, by him

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Instrumental case modifying 'vidhinā'.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'etena'.

विधिना (vidhinā) - by rule, by method, by regulation

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vidhi

vidhi - rule, method, injunction, destiny, regulation

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Instrumental case indicating the manner.

गाम् (gām) - cow

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of go

go - cow, bull, earth, ray of light

The word 'go' is irregular, accusative singular is 'gām'.

Note: Object of 'anugacchati'.

वनेषु (vaneṣu) - in the forests, in the woods

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Note: Locative case indicating place.

अनुगच्छति (anugacchati) - follows, goes after

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of anugam

Formed with upasarga 'anu-' from root 'gam'.

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

तृणगोमयपर्णाशी (tṛṇagomayaparṇāśī) - one who eats grass, cow-dung, and leaves

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tṛṇagomayaparṇāśin

tṛṇagomayaparṇāśin - eating grass, cow-dung, and leaves

Agent noun

Compound adjective, agent noun from root 'aś' (to eat) with suffix '-in'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (tṛṇa+gomaya+parṇa+āśin)

• tṛṇa – grass, herb
  noun (neuter)
• gomaya – cow-dung
  noun (neuter)
• parṇa – leaf, feather
  noun (neuter)
• āśin – eating, eater, consuming
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root 'aś' (to eat) with suffix '-in'.
  Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'yaḥ'.

निःस्पृहः (niḥspṛhaḥ) - desireless, free from desire

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niḥspṛha

niḥspṛha - free from desire, unselfish, indifferent

Compound with 'nis' (without) and 'spṛhā' (desire).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+spṛhā)

• nis – without, out, free from
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating negation or absence.
• spṛhā – desire, longing, craving
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'spṛh' (to desire).
  Root: spṛh (class 10)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'yaḥ'.

नियतः (niyataḥ) - disciplined, restrained, controlled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyata

niyata - restrained, self-controlled, fixed, determined

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root 'yam' (to restrain, control) with upasarga 'ni-'.

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'yaḥ'.

शुचिः (śuciḥ) - pure, clean, holy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuci

śuci - pure, clean, bright, holy, virtuous

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'yaḥ'.