महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-72, verse-20

जन्मप्रभृति सत्यं च यो ब्रूयान्नियतेन्द्रियः ।
गुरुद्विजसहः क्षान्तस्तस्य गोभिः समा गतिः ॥२०॥

20. janmaprabhṛti satyaṁ ca yo brūyānniyatendriyaḥ ,
gurudvijasahaḥ kṣāntastasya gobhiḥ samā gatiḥ.

20. janmaprabhṛti satyam ca yaḥ brūyāt niyatendriyaḥ
gurudvijasahaḥ kṣāntaḥ tasya gobhiḥ samā gatiḥ

20. ca yaḥ janmaprabhṛti satyam brūyāt,
niyatendriyaḥ,
gurudvijasahaḥ,
kṣāntaḥ (asti),
tasya gatiḥ gobhiḥ samā (bhavati)

20. And whoever, from birth onwards, speaks the truth, having controlled senses, is tolerant towards preceptors (guru) and twice-born ones (dvija), and is forgiving, his ultimate state (gati) is equal to that obtained through (giving) cows.

Words meanings summery:

• जन्मप्रभृति (janmaprabhṛti) - from birth, since birth

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality

• च (ca) - and, also

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - he should speak, may speak

• नियतेन्द्रियः (niyatendriyaḥ) - whose senses are restrained, self-controlled

• गुरुद्विजसहः (gurudvijasahaḥ) - enduring/tolerant of preceptors and twice-born

• क्षान्तः (kṣāntaḥ) - patient, forgiving, enduring

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, for him

• गोभिः (gobhiḥ) - by cows, with cows

• समा (samā) - equal, similar, same

• गतिः (gatiḥ) - path, course, movement, state, destiny, final emancipation (mokṣa)

Words meanings and morphology

जन्मप्रभृति (janmaprabhṛti) - from birth, since birth

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'janman' (birth) and 'prabhṛti' (beginning from).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (janman+prabhṛti)

• janman – birth, origin, existence
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• prabhṛti – beginning from, since, onwards
  indeclinable
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - true, real, truthful; truth, reality

From 'sat' (being, existence).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - he should speak, may speak

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of brū

Optative Active

Optative form of root 'brū' (to speak), 3rd person singular.

Root: brū (class 2)

नियतेन्द्रियः (niyatendriyaḥ) - whose senses are restrained, self-controlled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyatendriya

niyatendriya - having controlled senses, self-controlled, restrained in senses

Bahuvrihi compound: 'niyata' (restrained) + 'indriya' (sense organ).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (niyata+indriya)

• niyata – restrained, controlled, disciplined, firm
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'yam' (to restrain) with upasarga 'ni'.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)
• indriya – sense organ, faculty of sense; pertaining to Indra
  noun (neuter)

गुरुद्विजसहः (gurudvijasahaḥ) - enduring/tolerant of preceptors and twice-born

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gurudvijasaha

gurudvijasaha - tolerant of teachers (guru) and Brahmins (dvija)

Tatpurusha compound: 'guru-dvija' (teachers and twice-born) + 'saha' (enduring, tolerant).

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (guru+dvija+saha)

• guru – teacher, preceptor, respected elder
  noun (masculine)
• dvija – twice-born, Brahmin; bird, snake
  noun (masculine)
• saha – enduring, tolerant, patient
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'sah' (to endure).
  Root: sah (class 1)

क्षान्तः (kṣāntaḥ) - patient, forgiving, enduring

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣānta

kṣānta - patient, forbearing, forgiving, endured

Past Passive Participle

From root 'kṣam' (to be patient, forgive).

Root: kṣam (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - of him, for him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those

गोभिः (gobhiḥ) - by cows, with cows

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle; earth; ray of light; heaven; speech; water

समा (samā) - equal, similar, same

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sama

sama - equal, same, similar, like; even, level

गतिः (gatiḥ) - path, course, movement, state, destiny, final emancipation (mokṣa)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, motion, movement, path, course, way, access; state, condition, destiny, ultimate state; means, method

From root 'gam' (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)