महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-72, verse-31

एकेनैव च भक्तेन यः क्रीत्वा गां प्रयच्छति ।
यावन्ति तस्य प्रोक्तानि दिवसानि शतक्रतो ।
तावच्छतानां स गवां फलमाप्नोति शाश्वतम् ॥३१॥

31. ekenaiva ca bhaktena yaḥ krītvā gāṁ prayacchati ,
yāvanti tasya proktāni divasāni śatakrato ,
tāvacchatānāṁ sa gavāṁ phalamāpnoti śāśvatam.

31. ekena eva ca bhaktena yaḥ krītvā
gām prayacchati yāvantī tasya proktāni
divasāni śatakrato tāvat śatānām
sa gavām phalam āpnoti śāśvatam

31. ca yaḥ ekena eva bhaktena gām krītvā prayacchati,
he śatakrato,
tasya yāvantī divasāni proktāni,
sa tāvat śatānām gavām śāśvatam phalam āpnoti.

31. And whoever, (subsisting) on just one meal, buys a cow and then donates it, O Śatakratu, he obtains the eternal reward (phalam) of hundreds of cows for as many days as are proclaimed for him.

Words meanings summery:

• एकेन (ekena) - by one (by one, with one)

• एव (eva) - only, just (only, just, indeed)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• भक्तेन (bhaktena) - by (means of) a meal (by food, by a meal)

• यः (yaḥ) - He who (referring to a person) (who, which, he who)

• क्रीत्वा (krītvā) - having bought

• गाम् (gām) - a cow (cow, ox, earth)

• प्रयच्छति (prayacchati) - donates (gives, offers, grants)

• यावन्ती (yāvantī) - as many (as many, as much)

• तस्य (tasya) - for him (of him, his)

• प्रोक्तानि (proktāni) - proclaimed, declared (declared, proclaimed, said)

• दिवसानि (divasāni) - days

• शतक्रतो (śatakrato) - O Śatakratu (Indra)

• तावत् (tāvat) - so many (so much, so many, so long)

• शतानाम् (śatānām) - of hundreds

• स (sa) - he (he, that)

• गवाम् (gavām) - of cows (of cows, among cows)

• फलम् (phalam) - reward (phalam) (fruit, result, reward)

• आप्नोति (āpnoti) - obtains (obtains, reaches, gets)

• शाश्वतम् (śāśvatam) - eternal (eternal, perpetual, permanent)

Words meanings and morphology

एकेन (ekena) - by one (by one, with one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of eka

eka - one, single, unique

Note: Agrees with `bhaktena`.

एव (eva) - only, just (only, just, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes `ekena`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

भक्तेन (bhaktena) - by (means of) a meal (by food, by a meal)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bhakta

bhakta - food, meal; devoted, attached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √bhaj (to divide, allot, partake) + kta suffix. Here, used as a neuter noun meaning 'food' or 'meal'.

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Means 'by a meal' or 'by sustenance from a meal'.

यः (yaḥ) - He who (referring to a person) (who, which, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ya

ya - who, which, what

क्रीत्वा (krītvā) - having bought

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed by adding -tvā suffix to the root √krī (class 9, `krīṇāti`).

Root: krī (class 9)

गाम् (gām) - a cow (cow, ox, earth)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

Note: Object of `krītvā` and `prayacchati`.

प्रयच्छति (prayacchati) - donates (gives, offers, grants)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pra-√yam

Present Indicative, Parasmaipada

Third person singular present active, from root √yam (class 1, `yacchati`) with prefix `pra-`.

Prefix: pra

Root: yam (class 1)

यावन्ती (yāvantī) - as many (as many, as much)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of yāvat

yāvat - as much as, as many as, as long as, until

Derived from relative pronoun `ya`.

तस्य (tasya) - for him (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the donor.

प्रोक्तानि (proktāni) - proclaimed, declared (declared, proclaimed, said)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of pro-ukta

pro-ukta - said, declared, proclaimed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from prefix `pra-` + root `√vac` (to speak; `ukta` is ppp of `√vac`).

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Predicative adjective.

दिवसानि (divasāni) - days

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of divasa

divasa - day

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'are'.

शतक्रतो (śatakrato) - O Śatakratu (Indra)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śatakratu

śatakratu - having a hundred powers or sacrifices, a name of Indra

Compound meaning 'one who has a hundred `kratu` (powers/sacrifices)'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śata+kratu)

• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• kratu – power, might, Vedic ritual, wisdom
  noun (masculine)

Note: An address to Indra.

तावत् (tāvat) - so many (so much, so many, so long)

(indeclinable)

Correlative to `yāvat`.

Note: Indicates the quantity or measure.

शतानाम् (śatānām) - of hundreds

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of śata

śata - hundred

A noun used as a numeral.

Note: 'of hundreds (of cows)'.

स (sa) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, sandhi form of `saḥ`.

Note: Refers back to `yaḥ`.

गवाम् (gavām) - of cows (of cows, among cows)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

Note: Partitive genitive with `śatānām`.

फलम् (phalam) - reward (phalam) (fruit, result, reward)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward

Note: Object of `āpnoti`.

आप्नोति (āpnoti) - obtains (obtains, reaches, gets)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ā-√āp

Present Indicative, Parasmaipada

Third person singular present active, from root √āp (class 5, `āpnoti`) with prefix `ā-`.

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)

शाश्वतम् (śāśvatam) - eternal (eternal, perpetual, permanent)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śāśvata

śāśvata - eternal, perpetual, constant, permanent