महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-6, verse-38

गोप्रदानेन मिथ्या च ब्राह्मणेभ्यो महामखे ।
पुरा नृगश्च राजर्षिः कृकलासत्वमागतः ॥३८॥

38. gopradānena mithyā ca brāhmaṇebhyo mahāmakhe ,
purā nṛgaśca rājarṣiḥ kṛkalāsatvamāgataḥ.

38. gopradānena mithyā ca brāhmaṇebhyaḥ mahāmakhe
purā nṛgaḥ ca rājarṣiḥ kṛkalāsatvam āgataḥ

38. purā rājarṣiḥ nṛgaḥ mahāmakhe brāhmaṇebhyaḥ
mithyā gopradānena ca kṛkalāsatvam āgataḥ

38. In ancient times, the king-sage Nṛga, due to having wrongly given cows to brahmins during a great Vedic ritual (yajña), attained the state of a chameleon.

Words meanings summery:

• गोप्रदानेन (gopradānena) - by giving cows (by the gift of cows, by giving cows)

• मिथ्या (mithyā) - wrongly (falsely, wrongly, incorrectly)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• ब्राह्मणेभ्यः (brāhmaṇebhyaḥ) - to brahmins

• महामखे (mahāmakhe) - in a great Vedic ritual (yajña) (in a great Vedic ritual)

• पुरा (purā) - in ancient times (formerly, anciently, in the past)

• नृगः (nṛgaḥ) - King Nṛga (Nṛga (a mythical king))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - king-sage (a royal sage, a king who is also a sage)

• कृकलासत्वम् (kṛkalāsatvam) - the state of a chameleon

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - attained (come, arrived, attained, reached)

Words meanings and morphology

गोप्रदानेन (gopradānena) - by giving cows (by the gift of cows, by giving cows)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of gopradāna

gopradāna - gift of cows, act of giving cows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+pradāna)

• go – cow, bull, ox, earth, ray of light
  noun (feminine)
• pradāna – giving, bestowal, gift
  noun (neuter)
  verbal noun
  from root dā- (to give) with prefix pra-
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dā (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means or cause of Nṛga's transformation.

मिथ्या (mithyā) - wrongly (falsely, wrongly, incorrectly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies the action of 'gopradānena'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the previous clause to the main subject.

ब्राह्मणेभ्यः (brāhmaṇebhyaḥ) - to brahmins

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, member of the priestly class

Note: Recipient of the cows.

महामखे (mahāmakhe) - in a great Vedic ritual (yajña) (in a great Vedic ritual)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāmakha

mahāmakha - a great Vedic ritual, great yajña

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+makha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• makha – Vedic ritual, yajña, festival
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the setting or occasion.

पुरा (purā) - in ancient times (formerly, anciently, in the past)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

नृगः (nṛgaḥ) - King Nṛga (Nṛga (a mythical king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛga

nṛga - Nṛga (a mythical king of the solar dynasty)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Nṛga with rājarṣiḥ.

राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - king-sage (a royal sage, a king who is also a sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - a royal sage, a king who has attained the status of a ṛṣi

compound of rājan (king) and ṛṣi (sage)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to Nṛga.

कृकलासत्वम् (kṛkalāsatvam) - the state of a chameleon

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛkalāsatva

kṛkalāsatva - the state or condition of being a chameleon

derivative of kṛkalāsa (chameleon) with suffix -tva (state of being)

Note: Object of 'āgataḥ'.

आगतः (āgataḥ) - attained (come, arrived, attained, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, attained, reached

Past Passive Participle

from root gam- (to go) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective, agreeing with Nṛga.