महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-6, verse-37

अज्ञानाद्ब्राह्मणं हत्वा स्पृष्टो बालवधेन च ।
वैशंपायनविप्रर्षिः किं दैवेन निवारितः ॥३७॥

37. ajñānādbrāhmaṇaṁ hatvā spṛṣṭo bālavadhena ca ,
vaiśaṁpāyanaviprarṣiḥ kiṁ daivena nivāritaḥ.

37. ajñānāt brāhmaṇam hatvā spṛṣṭaḥ bālavadhena ca
vaiśaṃpāyanaviprarṣiḥ kim daivena nivāritaḥ

37. vaiśaṃpāyanaviprarṣiḥ ajñānāt brāhmaṇam hatvā
bālavadhena ca spṛṣṭaḥ daivena kim nivāritaḥ

37. The brahmin sage Vaiśampāyana, having unknowingly killed a brahmin and also afflicted by the sin of child-murder—why was he prevented by divine power (daiva)?

Words meanings summery:

• अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - unknowingly, out of ignorance (from ignorance, unknowingly)

• ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a brahmin (a brahmin (accusative))

• हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed (having killed, having slain)

• स्पृष्टः (spṛṣṭaḥ) - afflicted (touched, afflicted, defiled)

• बालवधेन (bālavadhena) - by the sin of child-murder (by child-murder, by the killing of a young one)

• च (ca) - and also (and, also)

• वैशंपायनविप्रर्षिः (vaiśaṁpāyanaviprarṣiḥ) - the brahmin sage Vaiśampāyana

• किम् (kim) - why (what, why, whether)

• दैवेन (daivena) - by divine power (daiva) (by fate, by destiny, by divine will)

• निवारितः (nivāritaḥ) - was prevented (prevented, stopped, restrained)

Words meanings and morphology

अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - unknowingly, out of ignorance (from ignorance, unknowingly)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of ajñāna

ajñāna - ignorance, lack of knowledge

negative prefix a- + jñāna (knowledge)

Note: Indicates the reason or cause.

ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a brahmin (a brahmin (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, member of the priestly class

Note: Object of the action 'hatvā'.

हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed (having killed, having slain)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

from root han- (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Functions as a past participle verb phrase, modifying Vaiśampāyana.

स्पृष्टः (spṛṣṭaḥ) - afflicted (touched, afflicted, defiled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of spṛṣṭa

spṛṣṭa - touched, contacted, afflicted, defiled

Past Passive Participle

from root spṛś- (to touch)

Root: spṛś (class 6)

Note: Modifies Vaiśampāyana.

बालवधेन (bālavadhena) - by the sin of child-murder (by child-murder, by the killing of a young one)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bālavadha

bālavadha - child-murder, infanticide, killing of a young one

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāla+vadha)

• bāla – child, young, infant
  noun (masculine)
• vadha – killing, slaughter, murder
  noun (masculine)
  from root vadh- (to strike, kill)
  Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Instrument of affliction for 'spṛṣṭaḥ'.

च (ca) - and also (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two participial clauses.

वैशंपायनविप्रर्षिः (vaiśaṁpāyanaviprarṣiḥ) - the brahmin sage Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyanaviprarṣi

vaiśaṁpāyanaviprarṣi - the brahmin sage Vaiśampāyana

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vaiśaṃpāyana+viprarṣi)

• vaiśaṃpāyana – Vaiśampāyana (a celebrated sage and pupil of Vyāsa)
  proper noun (masculine)
• viprarṣi – a brahmin sage
  noun (masculine)
  compound of vipra (brahmin) and ṛṣi (sage)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

किम् (kim) - why (what, why, whether)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative particle.

दैवेन (daivena) - by divine power (daiva) (by fate, by destiny, by divine will)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of daiva

daiva - divine, heavenly; fate, destiny, divine power

from deva (god)

Note: Agent of prevention in the passive construction.

निवारितः (nivāritaḥ) - was prevented (prevented, stopped, restrained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nivārita

nivārita - prevented, stopped, restrained, warded off

Past Passive Participle

from causative of root vṛ- (to cover, restrain) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective, agreeing with Vaiśampāyana.