महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-6, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
वसिष्ठस्य च संवादं ब्रह्मणश्च युधिष्ठिर ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
vasiṣṭhasya ca saṁvādaṁ brahmaṇaśca yudhiṣṭhira.

2. bhīṣma uvāca atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam purātanam
vasiṣṭhasya ca saṃvādam brahmaṇaḥ ca yudhiṣṭhira

2. bhīṣma uvāca yudhiṣṭhira atra api imam purātanam
itihāsam vasiṣṭhasya ca brahmaṇaḥ ca saṃvādam udāharanti

2. Bhishma said: 'O Yudhishthira, in this matter, they cite this ancient account – the dialogue between Vasishtha and Brahma.'

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter, on this point

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they cite, they relate, they narrate

• इमम् (imam) - this, him, it

• इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - ancient account or narrative (story, history, legend, tradition)

• पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old

• वसिष्ठस्य (vasiṣṭhasya) - of Vasishtha

• च (ca) - and

• संवादम् (saṁvādam) - dialogue, conversation, discussion

• ब्रह्मणः (brahmaṇaḥ) - of the deity Brahma (the creator god) (of Brahma, of a Brahmin)

• च (ca) - and

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Address by Bhishma to Yudhishthira (O Yudhishthira)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a Kuru patriarch)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

from root vac, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter, on this point

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they cite, they relate, they narrate

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of hṛ

Present Tense

from root hṛ with upasargas ud- and ā-, 3rd person plural, active voice

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: The implied subject is 'people' or 'tradition'.

इमम् (imam) - this, him, it

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies `itihāsam`.

इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - ancient account or narrative (story, history, legend, tradition)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of itihāsa

itihāsa - history, legend, tradition, epic poem

iti ha āsa 'thus indeed it was'

Note: Object of `udāharanti`.

पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, former

from purā (formerly) + tana (suffix indicating oldness)

Note: Qualifies `itihāsam`.

वसिष्ठस्य (vasiṣṭhasya) - of Vasishtha

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vasiṣṭha

vasiṣṭha - Vasishtha (name of a famous Vedic sage)

Note: Possessive, related to `saṃvādam`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `vasiṣṭhasya` and `brahmaṇaḥ`.

संवादम् (saṁvādam) - dialogue, conversation, discussion

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvāda

saṁvāda - conversation, dialogue, discourse, agreement

from root vad (to speak) with upasarga sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Object of `udāharanti`, also qualified by `vasiṣṭhasya` and `brahmaṇaḥ`.

ब्रह्मणः (brahmaṇaḥ) - of the deity Brahma (the creator god) (of Brahma, of a Brahmin)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahma (the creator god), a Brahmin, the sacred word, the Absolute (brahman)

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Possessive, related to `saṃvādam`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Joins `vasiṣṭhasya` and `brahmaṇaḥ` in the genitive pair.

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Address by Bhishma to Yudhishthira (O Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava)