महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-6, verse-18

येन लोकास्त्रयः सृष्टा दैत्याः सर्वाश्च देवताः ।
स एष भगवान्विष्णुः समुद्रे तप्यते तपः ॥१८॥

18. yena lokāstrayaḥ sṛṣṭā daityāḥ sarvāśca devatāḥ ,
sa eṣa bhagavānviṣṇuḥ samudre tapyate tapaḥ.

18. yena lokāḥ trayaḥ sṛṣṭāḥ daityāḥ sarvāḥ ca devatāḥ
sa eṣaḥ bhagavān viṣṇuḥ samudre tapyate tapaḥ

18. yena trayaḥ lokāḥ sarvāḥ daityāḥ ca devatāḥ sṛṣṭāḥ
saḥ eṣaḥ bhagavān viṣṇuḥ samudre tapaḥ tapyate

18. He by whom the three worlds were created, as well as all the Asuras and deities—that very glorious Lord (bhagavat), Vishnu, is performing spiritual austerity (tapas) in the ocean.

Words meanings summery:

• येन (yena) - by whom

• लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds (worlds, realms, people)

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

• सृष्टाः (sṛṣṭāḥ) - created

• दैत्याः (daityāḥ) - Asuras (Asuras, demons)

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all (all, every)

• च (ca) - and

• देवताः (devatāḥ) - deities (deities, gods)

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (very) (this, he)

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - the glorious Lord (bhagavat) (glorious, fortunate, divine, the Lord)

• विष्णुः (viṣṇuḥ) - Vishnu (Vishnu (proper noun))

• समुद्रे (samudre) - in the ocean

• तप्यते (tapyate) - is performing spiritual austerity (performs tapas, practices austerity, heats oneself)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - spiritual austerity (tapas) (tapas, austerity, penance)

Words meanings and morphology

येन (yena) - by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yat

yat - who, which, what

Relative pronoun

Note: Refers to Vishnu.

लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds (worlds, realms, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, universe, people

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Subject of the passive construction 'sṛṣṭāḥ'.

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'lokāḥ'.

सृष्टाः (sṛṣṭāḥ) - created

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sṛṣṭa

sṛj - to create, to emit, to let loose

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root sṛj

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'lokāḥ' and 'daityāḥ'.

दैत्याः (daityāḥ) - Asuras (Asuras, demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of daitya

daitya - descendant of Diti, demon, asura

Patronymic from Diti

Note: Co-subject with 'lokāḥ' and 'devatāḥ'.

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all (all, every)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'devatāḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

देवताः (devatāḥ) - deities (deities, gods)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of devatā

devatā - deity, divinity, god

From deva + suffix -tā

Root: div

Note: Co-subject with 'lokāḥ' and 'daityāḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative/Personal pronoun

Note: Refers to Vishnu.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (very) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun (proximal)

भगवान् (bhagavān) - the glorious Lord (bhagavat) (glorious, fortunate, divine, the Lord)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - glorious, divine, venerable, the Lord

From bhaga + suffix -vat. Often used as an epithet for deities, especially Vishnu or Krishna

Root: bhaj

Note: An epithet for Vishnu.

विष्णुः (viṣṇuḥ) - Vishnu (Vishnu (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viṣṇu

viṣṇu - Vishnu (a principal Hindu deity)

Root: viṣ

Note: Subject of 'tapyate'.

समुद्रे (samudre) - in the ocean

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samudra

samudra - ocean, sea

Root: mud

Note: Location of the action.

तप्यते (tapyate) - is performing spiritual austerity (performs tapas, practices austerity, heats oneself)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of tap

3rd person singular present tense, middle voice. From root tap, often used in Atmanepada for performing austerity.

Root: tap (class 1)

तपः (tapaḥ) - spiritual austerity (tapas) (tapas, austerity, penance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, penance, spiritual austerity

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of 'tapyate'.