महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-44, verse-49

तानेवं ब्रुवतः सर्वान्सत्यवान्वाक्यमब्रवीत् ।
यत्रेष्टं तत्र देया स्यान्नात्र कार्या विचारणा ।
कुर्वते जीवतोऽप्येवं मृते नैवास्ति संशयः ॥४९॥

49. tānevaṁ bruvataḥ sarvānsatyavānvākyamabravīt ,
yatreṣṭaṁ tatra deyā syānnātra kāryā vicāraṇā ,
kurvate jīvato'pyevaṁ mṛte naivāsti saṁśayaḥ.

49. tān evam bruvataḥ sarvān satyavān vākyam
abravīt yatra iṣṭam tatra deyā syāt
na atra kāryā vicāraṇā kurvate
jīvataḥ api evam mṛte na eva asti saṃśayaḥ

49. satyavān evam bruvataḥ tān sarvān vākyam
abravīt yatra iṣṭam tatra deyā syāt
atra vicāraṇā na kāryā jīvataḥ evam
kurvate api mṛte na eva saṃśayaḥ asti

49. To all of them speaking thus, Satyavān replied: 'Whatever is desired should be given without hesitation; no deliberation is needed in this matter. For one who acts in this manner while alive, there is certainly no doubt about its validity even after death.'

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those (persons) (them, those)

• एवम् (evam) - in this manner (as they were speaking) (thus, in this manner, so)

• ब्रुवतः (bruvataḥ) - (to those) who were speaking (speaking, telling)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all of them (all, everyone)

• सत्यवान् (satyavān) - Satyavān (Truthful one; Satyavān (name of a person))

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - a statement, a reply (statement, speech, word)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - replied, said (spoke, said, told)

• यत्र (yatra) - where (it is desired) (where, in which)

• इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - (that which is) desired (desired, wished, worshipped; Vedic ritual)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (it should be given) (there, in that place)

• देया (deyā) - it should be given (to be given, grantable, bestowable)

• स्यात् (syāt) - should be (may be, should be, would be)

• न (na) - no (not, no)

• अत्र (atra) - in this matter (here, in this matter)

• कार्या (kāryā) - should be done (to be done, to be performed, task)

• विचारणा (vicāraṇā) - deliberation (deliberation, consideration, investigation)

• कुर्वते (kurvate) - for one who performs (this) (for one doing, for one performing)

• जीवतः (jīvataḥ) - while alive, of a living person (living, while alive; of a living one)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

• एवम् (evam) - in this manner (thus, in this manner, so)

• मृते (mṛte) - when one is dead (in the dead, when dead)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• एव (eva) - certainly (indeed, only, certainly)

• अस्ति (asti) - is (is, exists)

• संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt (doubt, uncertainty)

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those (persons) (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the persons addressed by Satyavān.

एवम् (evam) - in this manner (as they were speaking) (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

ब्रुवतः (bruvataḥ) - (to those) who were speaking (speaking, telling)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bruvat

bruvat - speaking, telling

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √brū (to speak)

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Participle agreeing with 'tān sarvān'.

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all of them (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'tān'.

सत्यवान् (satyavān) - Satyavān (Truthful one; Satyavān (name of a person))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavat

satyavat - truthful, possessing truth; name of a prince

Compound: satya (truth) + -vat (possessing)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (satya+vat)

• satya – truth, reality
  noun (neuter)
• vat – possessing, having (suffix)
  indeclinable

Note: The subject of the verb 'abravīt'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - a statement, a reply (statement, speech, word)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, statement, sentence, word

Derived from root √vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of the verb 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - replied, said (spoke, said, told)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Tense

Aorist form (Luṅ) but used as imperfect in classical Sanskrit.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Used here to mean 'spoke' or 'said'.

यत्र (yatra) - where (it is desired) (where, in which)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place.

इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - (that which is) desired (desired, wished, worshipped; Vedic ritual)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - desired, wished, liked, revered; a Vedic ritual

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √yaj (to worship, sacrifice, desire)

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Used here as a neuter noun, 'that which is desired'.

तत्र (tatra) - there (it should be given) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlative adverb to 'yatra'.

देया (deyā) - it should be given (to be given, grantable, bestowable)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of deya

deya - to be given, grantable, fit to be given

Gerundive

Derived from root √dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Implies 'it should be given' or 'is fit to be given'.

स्यात् (syāt) - should be (may be, should be, would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative Mood

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Auxiliary verb to 'deyā'.

न (na) - no (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

अत्र (atra) - in this matter (here, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

कार्या (kāryā) - should be done (to be done, to be performed, task)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, fit to be done, duty, task

Gerundive

Derived from root √kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agreement with 'vicāraṇā'.

विचारणा (vicāraṇā) - deliberation (deliberation, consideration, investigation)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vicāraṇā

vicāraṇā - deliberation, consideration, investigation

Derived from vi-√car (to move, go; with vi, to investigate)

Prefix: vi

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied 'asti' with 'kāryā'.

कुर्वते (kurvate) - for one who performs (this) (for one doing, for one performing)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of kurvat

kurvat - doing, making, performing

Present Active Participle (ātmanepada)

Derived from root √kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used here as a dative singular, 'to/for one doing'.

जीवतः (jīvataḥ) - while alive, of a living person (living, while alive; of a living one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √jīv (to live)

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Can be genitive or ablative singular. Here, descriptive of 'kurvate', hence genitive ('of one living', i.e., while living).

अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

एवम् (evam) - in this manner (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the manner of giving without deliberation.

मृते (mṛte) - when one is dead (in the dead, when dead)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √mṛ (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction, 'when (one is) dead'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

एव (eva) - certainly (indeed, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अस्ति (asti) - is (is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Indicative

Root: as (class 2)

Note: The verb 'to be'.

संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt (doubt, uncertainty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, hesitation

Derived from sam-√śī (to lie, to doubt)

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'asti'.