महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-44, verse-18

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
शुल्कमन्येन दत्तं स्याद्ददानीत्याह चापरः ।
बलादन्यः प्रभाषेत धनमन्यः प्रदर्शयेत् ॥१८॥

18. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
śulkamanyena dattaṁ syāddadānītyāha cāparaḥ ,
balādanyaḥ prabhāṣeta dhanamanyaḥ pradarśayet.

18. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca śulkam anyena dattam syāt dadāni iti āha
ca aparaḥ balāt anyaḥ prabhāṣeta dhanam anyaḥ pradarśayet

18. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca anyena śulkam dattam syāt ca aparaḥ dadāni
iti āha anyaḥ balāt prabhāṣeta ca anyaḥ dhanam pradarśayet

18. Yudhiṣṭhira said: The bridal fee might have been paid by one man, and another man might declare, 'I will give it.' A third man might speak forcefully, while yet another might display his wealth.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the speaker) (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• शुल्कम् (śulkam) - bridal fee (bridal fee, bride-price, toll, duty, tax)

• अन्येन (anyena) - by one (man) (by another)

• दत्तम् (dattam) - paid (literally "given") (given, offered)

• स्यात् (syāt) - might have been (may be, should be, would be)

• ददानि (dadāni) - I will give (it) (I give, I shall give)

• इति (iti) - thus (thus, in this way, so)

• आह (āha) - declares (says, spoke)

• च (ca) - and (and; also; moreover)

• अपरः (aparaḥ) - another (man) (another, other)

• बलात् (balāt) - by force (by force, forcibly, from strength)

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another (man) (other, another, different)

• प्रभाषेत (prabhāṣeta) - might speak (declare) (he should speak, he should declare, he should say)

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth (wealth, property, money)

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another (man) (other, another, different)

• प्रदर्शयेत् (pradarśayet) - might display (his wealth) (he should show, he should exhibit)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the speaker) (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle; Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound 'yudhi-sthira' meaning 'firm in battle'.

Compound type : saptamī-tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect, third person, singular, active voice.

Irregular perfect form of root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

शुल्कम् (śulkam) - bridal fee (bridal fee, bride-price, toll, duty, tax)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śulka

śulka - price, value, duty, toll, bride-price

Note: Could also be accusative, but nominative fits here as the subject of the clause.

अन्येन (anyena) - by one (man) (by another)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Indefinite pronoun.

दत्तम् (dattam) - paid (literally "given") (given, offered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, offered

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dā' (to give).

Root: dā (class 3)

स्यात् (syāt) - might have been (may be, should be, would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative, third person, singular, active voice.

Root 'as'.

Root: as (class 2)

ददानि (dadāni) - I will give (it) (I give, I shall give)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dā

Present Indicative, first person, singular, active voice.

From root 'dā'.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: The final 'i' is part of 'iti', representing sandhi 'ī'.

इति (iti) - thus (thus, in this way, so)

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating quoted speech or summarized idea.

आह (āha) - declares (says, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of ah

Perfect, third person, singular, active voice.

Defective verb, primarily used in perfect.

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: Often used in the sense of present tense.

च (ca) - and (and; also; moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अपरः (aparaḥ) - another (man) (another, other)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apara

apara - other, another, subsequent, western

Pronoun/adjective.

बलात् (balāt) - by force (by force, forcibly, from strength)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force

a-stem noun.

Root: bal (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially.

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another (man) (other, another, different)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Indefinite pronoun.

प्रभाषेत (prabhāṣeta) - might speak (declare) (he should speak, he should declare, he should say)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of prabhāṣ

Optative, third person, singular, middle voice.

Root 'bhāṣ' with upasarga 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth (wealth, property, money)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, property, money, riches

a-stem noun.

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of 'pradarśayet'.

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another (man) (other, another, different)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Indefinite pronoun.

प्रदर्शयेत् (pradarśayet) - might display (his wealth) (he should show, he should exhibit)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of pradarś

Optative, third person, singular, active voice.

Root 'dṛś' (causative 'darś') with upasarga 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: dṛś (class 1)