महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-44, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
यन्मूलं सर्वधर्माणां प्रजनस्य गृहस्य च ।
पितृदेवातिथीनां च तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
yanmūlaṁ sarvadharmāṇāṁ prajanasya gṛhasya ca ,
pitṛdevātithīnāṁ ca tanme brūhi pitāmaha.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca | yat mūlam sarva-dharmāṇām prajanasya
gṛhasya ca | pitṛ-deva-atithīnām ca tat me brūhi pitāmaha

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca he pitāmaha,
yat sarva-dharmāṇām prajanasya gṛhasya ca pitṛ-deva-atithīnām ca mūlam,
tat me brūhi

1. Yudhishthira said: O grandfather, please tell me what is the foundation for all (natural) laws (dharma), for progeny, for the household, and for ancestors, deities, and guests.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava brother)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यत् (yat) - what (referring to the subject of inquiry) (which, what)

• मूलम् (mūlam) - foundation (of principles, family, etc.) (root, origin, foundation)

• सर्व-धर्माणाम् (sarva-dharmāṇām) - of all principles of righteous conduct (dharma) (of all (natural) laws, of all duties)

• प्रजनस्य (prajanasya) - of progeny (children, descendants) (of progeny, of offspring, of people)

• गृहस्य (gṛhasya) - of the household (family and home) (of the house, of the household)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• पितृ-देव-अतिथीनाम् (pitṛ-deva-atithīnām) - of the three categories of beings to whom householders owe respect and offerings (of ancestors, gods, and guests)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• तत् (tat) - that (referring back to 'yat mūlam') (that, therefore)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, my, for me)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - please tell (tell, speak)

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandfather (addressing Bhishma) (O grandfather, great-father)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava brother)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steadfast in battle, Yudhishthira

Compound type : aluk tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable
  Locative singular of yudh (battle) used as a prefix.
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular

Irregular perfect form from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

यत् (yat) - what (referring to the subject of inquiry) (which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Here, it functions as an interrogative/relative pronoun.

मूलम् (mūlam) - foundation (of principles, family, etc.) (root, origin, foundation)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mūla

mūla - root, basis, origin, foundation, source

सर्व-धर्माणाम् (sarva-dharmāṇām) - of all principles of righteous conduct (dharma) (of all (natural) laws, of all duties)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarva-dharma

sarva-dharma - all duties, all principles of conduct

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+dharma)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• dharma – duty, righteousness, law, virtue, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: The word 'dharma' is used here in the sense of 'natural law' or 'principles of righteous conduct'.

प्रजनस्य (prajanasya) - of progeny (children, descendants) (of progeny, of offspring, of people)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of prajana

prajana - progeny, offspring, people, birth

From pra- + jan (to be born).

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

गृहस्य (gṛhasya) - of the household (family and home) (of the house, of the household)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, dwelling, household

Root: gṛh

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

पितृ-देव-अतिथीनाम् (pitṛ-deva-atithīnām) - of the three categories of beings to whom householders owe respect and offerings (of ancestors, gods, and guests)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pitṛ-deva-atithi

pitṛ-deva-atithi - ancestors, gods, and guests (collectively)

Compound type : dvandva (pitṛ+deva+atithi)

• pitṛ – father, ancestor
  noun (masculine)
• deva – god, deity, divine being
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• atithi – guest, stranger
  noun (masculine)
  Root: at (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that (referring back to 'yat mūlam') (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: The nominative and accusative singular neuter forms are identical (tat).

मे (me) - to me (to me, my, for me)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Here used in dative sense: 'to me'.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - please tell (tell, speak)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

imperative, active voice, 2nd person singular

Root brū, sometimes listed as bruv.

Root: brū (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandfather (addressing Bhishma) (O grandfather, great-father)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, great-father (e.g., Brahma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+mahā)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• mahā – great
  adjective