महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-44, verse-22

न ह्यकामेन संवादं मनुरेवं प्रशंसति ।
अयशस्यमधर्म्यं च यन्मृषा धर्मकोपनम् ॥२२॥

22. na hyakāmena saṁvādaṁ manurevaṁ praśaṁsati ,
ayaśasyamadharmyaṁ ca yanmṛṣā dharmakopanam.

22. na hi akāmena saṃvādam manuḥ evam praśaṃsati
ayaśasyam adharmyam ca yat mṛṣā dharmakopanam

22. hi manuḥ akāmena saṃvādam evam na praśaṃsati
yat mṛṣā ayaśasyam adharmyam ca dharmakopanam

22. Indeed, Manu does not commend such a discussion made with an unwilling person, as that which is false is disreputable, unrighteous, and violates natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

• अकामेन (akāmena) - by an unwilling participant (by one who is unwilling, unwillingly)

• संवादम् (saṁvādam) - discussion (conversation, discussion, agreement)

• मनुः (manuḥ) - Manu (the lawgiver) (Manu (a progenitor of mankind, lawgiver))

• एवम् (evam) - such (thus, so, in this manner)

• प्रशंसति (praśaṁsati) - commends (praises, commends, applauds)

• अयशस्यम् (ayaśasyam) - disreputable (disreputable, inglorious, ignominious)

• अधर्म्यम् (adharmyam) - unrighteous (unrighteous, unjust, contrary to (dharma))

• च (ca) - and

• यत् (yat) - that which (which, that which, because)

• मृषा (mṛṣā) - by falsehood (falsely, wrongly, in vain)

• धर्मकोपनम् (dharmakopanam) - violates natural law (dharma) (provoking (dharma), violating (dharma), causing injury to (dharma))

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

अकामेन (akāmena) - by an unwilling participant (by one who is unwilling, unwillingly)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of akāma

akāma - unwilling, undesirous, involuntary

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kāma)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• kāma – desire, wish, will
  noun (masculine)
  From √kam (to desire).
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Modifies an implicit agent, 'by an unwilling person'.

संवादम् (saṁvādam) - discussion (conversation, discussion, agreement)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvāda

saṁvāda - conversation, discourse, discussion, agreement

From sam-√vad (to speak together).

Prefix: sam

Root: vad (class 1)

मनुः (manuḥ) - Manu (the lawgiver) (Manu (a progenitor of mankind, lawgiver))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manu

manu - Manu, progenitor of mankind, a lawgiver

एवम् (evam) - such (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies `saṃvādam`, indicating 'such a discussion'.

प्रशंसति (praśaṁsati) - commends (praises, commends, applauds)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śaṃs

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

अयशस्यम् (ayaśasyam) - disreputable (disreputable, inglorious, ignominious)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of ayaśasya

ayaśasya - disreputable, ignominious, causing loss of fame

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+yaśasya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• yaśasya – conducive to fame, glorious
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from `yaśas` (fame) + `ya` (suffix meaning 'conducive to').

Note: Used as a predicative adjective for `yat` (that which).

अधर्म्यम् (adharmyam) - unrighteous (unrighteous, unjust, contrary to (dharma))

(adjective)

neuter, singular of adharmya

adharmya - unrighteous, unjust, contrary to natural law (dharma)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharmya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• dharmya – righteous, lawful, just, conformable to (dharma)
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from `dharma` + `ya` (suffix meaning 'pertaining to').

Note: Used as a predicative adjective for `yat`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - that which (which, that which, because)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Note: Used here as a relative pronoun, referring to the `saṃvādam` (discussion) or the act of false speech.

मृषा (mṛṣā) - by falsehood (falsely, wrongly, in vain)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies `dharmakopanam`, indicating the means of violation.

धर्मकोपनम् (dharmakopanam) - violates natural law (dharma) (provoking (dharma), violating (dharma), causing injury to (dharma))

(noun)

neuter, singular of dharmakopana

dharmakopana - violating natural law (dharma), causing injury to (dharma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+kopana)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, constitution, religion
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛ (to hold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• kopana – enraging, provoking, causing anger or disturbance, violating
  adjective/noun (neuter)
  Derived from √kup (to be angry, agitated).
  Root: kup (class 4)

Note: Used as a predicative adjective for `yat`.