महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-44, verse-24

बन्धुभिः समनुज्ञातो मन्त्रहोमौ प्रयोजयेत् ।
तथा सिध्यन्ति ते मन्त्रा नादत्तायाः कथंचन ॥२४॥

24. bandhubhiḥ samanujñāto mantrahomau prayojayet ,
tathā sidhyanti te mantrā nādattāyāḥ kathaṁcana.

24. bandhubhiḥ samanujñātaḥ mantrahomau prayojayet
tathā sidhyanti te mantrāḥ na adattāyāḥ kathaṃcana

24. bandhubhiḥ samanujñātaḥ mantrahomau prayojayet
tathā te mantrāḥ sidhyanti adattāyāḥ na kathaṃcana

24. With the permission of his relatives, one should perform the recitations (mantras) and Vedic fire rituals (homa). Only in this way do those recitations (mantras) become effective; by no means are they effective for a woman who has not been properly given [in marriage].

Words meanings summery:

• बन्धुभिः (bandhubhiḥ) - by his relatives (by relatives, by kinsmen)

• समनुज्ञातः (samanujñātaḥ) - permitted (permitted, approved, consented)

• मन्त्रहोमौ (mantrahomau) - recitations (mantras) and Vedic fire rituals (homa) (the two, recitation and fire ritual)

• प्रयोजयेत् (prayojayet) - he should perform (he should employ, he should perform, he should use)

• तथा (tathā) - in this way (thus, so, in that manner)

• सिध्यन्ति (sidhyanti) - they become effective (they succeed, are accomplished, attain perfection)

• ते (te) - those (those, they)

• मन्त्राः (mantrāḥ) - recitations (mantras) (sacred utterances, hymns, incantations)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अदत्तायाः (adattāyāḥ) - for a woman who has not been properly given [in marriage] (of one not given)

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - by any means (by any means, ever, under any circumstances)

Words meanings and morphology

बन्धुभिः (bandhubhiḥ) - by his relatives (by relatives, by kinsmen)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bandhu

bandhu - relative, kinsman, friend, connection

From √bandh (to bind, connect).

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Agent of `samanujñātaḥ`.

समनुज्ञातः (samanujñātaḥ) - permitted (permitted, approved, consented)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samanujñāta

samanujñāta - permitted, consented, approved, allowed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of sam-anu-√jñā (to know, perceive, permit).

Prefixes: sam+anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject of `prayojayet` (e.g., the husband).

मन्त्रहोमौ (mantrahomau) - recitations (mantras) and Vedic fire rituals (homa) (the two, recitation and fire ritual)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of mantrahoma

mantrahoma - recitations (mantras) and fire rituals (homa)

Compound type : dvandva (mantra+homa)

• mantra – sacred utterance, hymn, incantation, counsel
  noun (masculine)
  From √man (to think) + tra (instrumental suffix).
  Root: man (class 4)
• homa – Vedic fire ritual, oblation into fire
  noun (masculine)
  From √hu (to offer into fire) + man suffix.
  Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Object of `prayojayet`.

प्रयोजयेत् (prayojayet) - he should perform (he should employ, he should perform, he should use)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of yuj

Prefix: pra

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Expresses a command or recommendation.

तथा (tathā) - in this way (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the condition of being permitted by relatives.

सिध्यन्ति (sidhyanti) - they become effective (they succeed, are accomplished, attain perfection)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of sidh

Root: sidh (class 4)

Note: The verb for `te mantrāḥ`.

ते (te) - those (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, they

Note: Refers to `mantrāḥ`.

मन्त्राः (mantrāḥ) - recitations (mantras) (sacred utterances, hymns, incantations)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mantra

mantra - sacred utterance, hymn, incantation, counsel, holy word

From √man (to think) + tra (instrumental suffix).

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of `sidhyanti`.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the success for `adattāyāḥ`.

अदत्तायाः (adattāyāḥ) - for a woman who has not been properly given [in marriage] (of one not given)

(adjective)

feminine, singular of adatta

adatta - not given, un-given

Past Passive Participle

Compound of `a` (not) + `datta` (given, PPP of √dā).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+datta)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• datta – given, granted, offered
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of √dā (to give).
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Refers to a woman who has not been formally given in marriage. The genitive `adattāyāḥ` implies 'for/in the case of one not given'.

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - by any means (by any means, ever, under any circumstances)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to emphasize the negation.