महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-44, verse-12

अपत्यजन्म शूद्रायां न प्रशंसन्ति साधवः ।
शूद्रायां जनयन्विप्रः प्रायश्चित्ती विधीयते ॥१२॥

12. apatyajanma śūdrāyāṁ na praśaṁsanti sādhavaḥ ,
śūdrāyāṁ janayanvipraḥ prāyaścittī vidhīyate.

12. apatyajanma śūdrāyām na praśaṃsanti sādhavaḥ
śūdrāyām janayan vipraḥ prāyaścittī vidhīyate

12. Virtuous people do not praise the birth of offspring from a śūdra woman. A brahmin who begets children with a śūdra woman is prescribed a penance.

Words meanings summery:

• अपत्यजन्म (apatyajanma) - the birth of offspring (birth of offspring, procreation)

• शूद्रायाम् (śūdrāyām) - from a śūdra woman (with reference to begetting children) (in a śūdra woman)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise (they praise, they commend)

• साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - virtuous people (virtuous people, good persons, sages)

• शूद्रायाम् (śūdrāyām) - with a śūdra woman (referring to begetting children) (in a śūdra woman)

• जनयन् (janayan) - begetting children (generating, begetting, causing to be born)

• विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a brahmin (a brahmin, a sage)

• प्रायश्चित्ती (prāyaścittī) - liable to a penance (one who is to perform a penance, liable to penance)

• विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed (is prescribed, is ordained, is performed)

Words meanings and morphology

अपत्यजन्म (apatyajanma) - the birth of offspring (birth of offspring, procreation)

(compound)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (apatya+janman)

• apatya – offspring, progeny, child
  noun (neuter)
  From 'apa' + root 'pat' (to fall) + 'ya' suffix. Literally, 'that which falls away (from the parent)'.
  Prefix: apa
  Root: pat (class 1)
• janman – birth, production, origin
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'jan' (to be born) + 'man' suffix.
  Root: jan (class 4)

शूद्रायाम् (śūdrāyām) - from a śūdra woman (with reference to begetting children) (in a śūdra woman)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of śūdrā

śūdrā - a śūdra woman, a woman of the fourth social class

Feminine form of 'śūdra'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise (they praise, they commend)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of praśaṃs

Present tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person plural

Root 'śaṃs' with prefix 'pra-'.

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - virtuous people (virtuous people, good persons, sages)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, holy, a good person, a sage

From root 'sādh' (to accomplish, to perfect).

Root: sādh (class 5)

शूद्रायाम् (śūdrāyām) - with a śūdra woman (referring to begetting children) (in a śūdra woman)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of śūdrā

śūdrā - a śūdra woman, a woman of the fourth social class

Feminine form of 'śūdra'.

जनयन् (janayan) - begetting children (generating, begetting, causing to be born)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janayat

janayat - generating, causing to be born

Present Active Participle (Causative)

From causative stem of root 'jan' (to be born) + 'śatṛ' suffix.

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'vipraḥ'.

विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a brahmin (a brahmin, a sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - a brahmin; a sage; inspired; wise

From root 'vip' (to tremble, to be inspired).

Root: vip (class 1)

प्रायश्चित्ती (prāyaścittī) - liable to a penance (one who is to perform a penance, liable to penance)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāyaścittin

prāyaścittin - one who has to perform a penance, liable to expiation

Derived from 'prāyaścitta' (expiation, penance) with the 'in' suffix.

Note: Agrees with 'vipraḥ'.

विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed (is prescribed, is ordained, is performed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of vidhā

Present tense, Ātmanepada, Passive voice, 3rd person singular

Root 'dhā' with prefix 'vi-', in passive voice.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)