महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-44, verse-15

त्रीणि वर्षाण्युदीक्षेत कन्या ऋतुमती सती ।
चतुर्थे त्वथ संप्राप्ते स्वयं भर्तारमर्जयेत् ॥१५॥

15. trīṇi varṣāṇyudīkṣeta kanyā ṛtumatī satī ,
caturthe tvatha saṁprāpte svayaṁ bhartāramarjayet.

15. trīṇi varṣāṇi udīkṣeta kanyā ṛtumatī satī caturthe
tu atha samprāpte svayam bhartāram arjayet

15. ṛtumatī satī kanyā trīṇi varṣāṇi udīkṣeta atha
tu caturthe samprāpte svayam bhartāram arjayet

15. A girl who has attained puberty should wait for three years. But then, when the fourth year arrives, she herself should choose a husband.

Words meanings summery:

• त्रीणि (trīṇi) - three

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

• उदीक्षेत (udīkṣeta) - should wait, should look forward to

• कन्या (kanyā) - girl, maiden

• ऋतुमती (ṛtumatī) - menstruating, having attained puberty

• सती (satī) - being, existing

• चतुर्थे (caturthe) - in the fourth

• तु (tu) - but, indeed

• अथ (atha) - then, now

• सम्प्राप्ते (samprāpte) - when arrived, having been obtained

• स्वयम् (svayam) - herself, by herself

• भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - husband

• अर्जयेत् (arjayet) - should choose, should obtain, should acquire

Words meanings and morphology

त्रीणि (trīṇi) - three

(numeral)

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon

Note: Time duration in accusative.

उदीक्षेत (udīkṣeta) - should wait, should look forward to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of īkṣ

Root īkṣ, 1st class, atmanepada.

Prefix: ud

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Atmanepada form of optative.

कन्या (kanyā) - girl, maiden

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kanyā

kanyā - girl, maiden, daughter

ऋतुमती (ṛtumatī) - menstruating, having attained puberty

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ṛtumat

ṛtumat - menstruating, having attained puberty, fertile

Derived from ṛtu (menstrual period) with possessive suffix -mat.

Note: Agrees with kanyā.

सती (satī) - being, existing

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sant

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous (present participle)

present active participle

Present participle of root as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agrees with kanyā.

चतुर्थे (caturthe) - in the fourth

(numeral)

Note: Refers to 'the fourth year' (varṣe implied).

तु (tu) - but, indeed

(indeclinable)

अथ (atha) - then, now

(indeclinable)

सम्प्राप्ते (samprāpte) - when arrived, having been obtained

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of samprāpta

samprāpta - obtained, arrived, reached, attained

past passive participle

Past passive participle of root āp with prefixes sam and pra.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with caturthe (implied varṣe).

स्वयम् (svayam) - herself, by herself

(indeclinable)

भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - husband

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, supporter, lord

अर्जयेत् (arjayet) - should choose, should obtain, should acquire

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of ṛj

Causative of root ṛj (to stretch, extend). Here, meaning 'to acquire, choose'.

Root: ṛj (class 1)