महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-44, verse-45

न चैतेभ्यः प्रदातव्या न वोढव्या तथाविधा ।
न ह्येव भार्या क्रेतव्या न विक्रेया कथंचन ॥४५॥

45. na caitebhyaḥ pradātavyā na voḍhavyā tathāvidhā ,
na hyeva bhāryā kretavyā na vikreyā kathaṁcana.

45. na ca etebhyaḥ pradātavyā na voḍhavyā tathāvidhā
na hi eva bhāryā kretavyā na vikreyā kathaṃcana

45. tathāvidhā etebhyaḥ na pradātavyā ca na voḍhavyā
hi bhāryā eva na kretavyā ca kathaṃcana na vikreyā

45. Such a woman should not be given to these (men), nor should she be taken (in marriage). Indeed, a wife should never be bought, nor should she be sold in any way whatsoever.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• एतेभ्यः (etebhyaḥ) - to these men (referring to those who would buy/sell a wife) (to/from these, for these)

• प्रदातव्या (pradātavyā) - should be given (in marriage) (should be given, fit to be given)

• न (na) - not, no

• वोढव्या (voḍhavyā) - should be married (as a wife) (should be carried, should be married)

• तथाविधा (tathāvidhā) - such a woman (such, of that kind)

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, because, for)

• एव (eva) - never (in combination with 'na') (only, just, indeed)

• भार्या (bhāryā) - wife (wife, woman to be supported)

• क्रेतव्या (kretavyā) - should be bought (should be bought, fit to be bought)

• न (na) - not, no

• विक्रेया (vikreyā) - should be sold (should be sold, fit to be sold)

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - in any way whatsoever (in any way, by any means, ever)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunctive particle.

एतेभ्यः (etebhyaḥ) - to these men (referring to those who would buy/sell a wife) (to/from these, for these)

(pronoun)

masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Dative/ablative plural of 'etad'.

प्रदातव्या (pradātavyā) - should be given (in marriage) (should be given, fit to be given)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pradātavya

pradātavya - to be given, fit to be given

Gerundive

Derived from √dā (to give) with prefix pra- and suffix -tavya.

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Gerundive, feminine nominative singular, agreeing with an implied 'woman' or 'daughter'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

वोढव्या (voḍhavyā) - should be married (as a wife) (should be carried, should be married)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of voḍhavya

voḍhavya - to be carried, to be married

Gerundive

Derived from √vah (to carry, to marry) with suffix -tavya. Irregular formation for 'vah'.

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Gerundive, feminine nominative singular, agreeing with an implied 'woman'.

तथाविधा (tathāvidhā) - such a woman (such, of that kind)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tathāvidha

tathāvidha - such, of that kind

Compound of 'tathā' (thus) and 'vidha' (kind).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tathā+vidha)

• tathā – thus, so
  indeclinable
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Feminine nominative singular, modifying the implied 'woman'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, because, for)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

एव (eva) - never (in combination with 'na') (only, just, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

भार्या (bhāryā) - wife (wife, woman to be supported)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, woman to be supported

Gerundive

Derived from √bhṛ (to bear, support) with suffix -ya. Can also be seen as a noun directly.

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Nominative singular.

क्रेतव्या (kretavyā) - should be bought (should be bought, fit to be bought)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kretavya

kretavya - to be bought, fit to be bought

Gerundive

Derived from √krī (to buy) with suffix -tavya.

Root: krī (class 9)

Note: Gerundive, feminine nominative singular, agreeing with 'bhāryā'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

विक्रेया (vikreyā) - should be sold (should be sold, fit to be sold)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vikreya

vikreya - to be sold, fit to be sold

Gerundive

Derived from √krī (to buy) with prefix vi- and suffix -ya. 'Vikre' from vi + krī + ya.

Prefix: vi

Root: krī (class 9)

Note: Gerundive, feminine nominative singular, agreeing with 'bhāryā'.

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - in any way whatsoever (in any way, by any means, ever)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic adverb.