महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-126, verse-31

ऋषयश्चार्तिमापन्ना जितक्रोधा जितेन्द्रियाः ।
भवन्तो व्यथिताश्चासन्देवकल्पास्तपोधनाः ॥३१॥

31. ṛṣayaścārtimāpannā jitakrodhā jitendriyāḥ ,
bhavanto vyathitāścāsandevakalpāstapodhanāḥ.

31. ṛṣayaḥ ca ārtim āpannāḥ jitakrodhāḥ jitendriyāḥ
bhavantaḥ vyathitāḥ ca āsan devakalpāḥ tapodhanāḥ

31. Even you, the sages—god-like, rich in asceticism (tapas), who have conquered anger and controlled your senses—were afflicted by distress and troubled.

Words meanings summery:

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers

• च (ca) - and, also

• आर्तिम् (ārtim) - distress, suffering, pain

• आपन्नाः (āpannāḥ) - having obtained, having reached, afflicted

• जितक्रोधाः (jitakrodhāḥ) - those who have conquered anger

• जितेन्द्रियाः (jitendriyāḥ) - those who have conquered their senses

• भवन्तः (bhavantaḥ) - you (respectful plural)

• व्यथिताः (vyathitāḥ) - troubled, distressed, disturbed

• च (ca) - and, also

• आसन् (āsan) - they were, you were

• देवकल्पाः (devakalpāḥ) - god-like, resembling gods

• तपोधनाः (tapodhanāḥ) - those whose wealth is asceticism, rich in penance

Words meanings and morphology

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer; an inspired poet or singer of sacred hymns

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आर्तिम् (ārtim) - distress, suffering, pain

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ārti

ārti - pain, suffering, distress, affliction

आपन्नाः (āpannāḥ) - having obtained, having reached, afflicted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āpanna

āpanna - obtained, reached, afflicted, fallen into

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root āp (to obtain, reach) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)

जितक्रोधाः (jitakrodhāḥ) - those who have conquered anger

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jitakrodha

jitakrodha - one who has conquered anger

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jita+krodha)

• jita – conquered, subdued
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from verb root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kudh (class 4)

जितेन्द्रियाः (jitendriyāḥ) - those who have conquered their senses

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jitendriya

jitendriya - one who has controlled or conquered their senses

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jita+indriya)

• jita – conquered, subdued
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from verb root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• indriya – sense organ, faculty
  noun (neuter)

भवन्तः (bhavantaḥ) - you (respectful plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhavat

bhavat - you (respectful); existing, being, present

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root bhū (to be, exist)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used as a respectful second-person pronoun.

व्यथिताः (vyathitāḥ) - troubled, distressed, disturbed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyathita

vyathita - troubled, distressed, perturbed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root vyath (to tremble, be distressed)

Root: vyath (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आसन् (āsan) - they were, you were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural

Root as (to be), imperfect indicative (laṅ), 3rd person plural

Root: as (class 2)

Note: When bhavantaḥ (respectful 'you') is used as subject, the verb is often 3rd person.

देवकल्पाः (devakalpāḥ) - god-like, resembling gods

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of devakalpa

devakalpa - resembling a god, god-like

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+kalpa)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• kalpa – like, resembling, similar to
  suffix/adjective (masculine)

तपोधनाः (tapodhanāḥ) - those whose wealth is asceticism, rich in penance

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tapodhana

tapodhana - one whose wealth is asceticism (tapas), rich in penance

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapas+dhana)

• tapas – asceticism, penance, heat
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)