महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-12, verse-29

ब्राह्मणच्छद्मनाभ्येत्य तामिन्द्रोऽथान्वपृच्छत ।
केन दुःखेन संतप्ता रोदिषि त्वं वरानने ॥२९॥

29. brāhmaṇacchadmanābhyetya tāmindro'thānvapṛcchata ,
kena duḥkhena saṁtaptā rodiṣi tvaṁ varānane.

29. brāhmaṇacchadmanā abhyetya tām indraḥ atha anvapṛcchat
kena duḥkhena saṃtaptā rodiṣi tvam varānanane

29. Then Indra, approaching her in the disguise of a brahmin, asked, "By what sorrow are you distressed, O beautiful-faced one, that you are weeping?"

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणच्छद्मना (brāhmaṇacchadmanā) - by the disguise of a brahmin

• अभ्येत्य (abhyetya) - having approached

• ताम् (tām) - her

• इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

• अन्वपृच्छत् (anvapṛcchat) - he inquired, he asked

• केन (kena) - by what, by which

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, by distress

• संतप्ता (saṁtaptā) - distressed, afflicted, tormented

• रोदिषि (rodiṣi) - you weep, you cry

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• वराननने (varānanane) - O beautiful-faced one, O lady with an excellent face

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणच्छद्मना (brāhmaṇacchadmanā) - by the disguise of a brahmin

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of brāhmaṇacchadman

brāhmaṇacchadman - disguise of a brahmin

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (brāhmaṇa+chadman)

• brāhmaṇa – brahmin, priestly class
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'brahman'
• chadman – disguise, cover, deception
  noun (neuter)

अभ्येत्य (abhyetya) - having approached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'i' with prefixes 'abhi' and 'ā' + 'tya' suffix

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: i (class 2)

ताम् (tām) - her

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she

इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra (king of the devas)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

अन्वपृच्छत् (anvapṛcchat) - he inquired, he asked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of anupṛcch

Prefix: anu

Root: prach (class 6)

केन (kena) - by what, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, by distress

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, suffering, distress

संतप्ता (saṁtaptā) - distressed, afflicted, tormented

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saṃtapta

saṁtapta - distressed, heated, tormented, afflicted

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root 'tap' (to heat, suffer) with prefix 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tvam' (you, feminine).

रोदिषि (rodiṣi) - you weep, you cry

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of rud

Root: rud (class 2)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

वराननने (varānanane) - O beautiful-faced one, O lady with an excellent face

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of varānanā

varānanā - beautiful-faced (woman)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vara+ānana)

• vara – excellent, best, beautiful, boon
  adjective (neuter)
• ānana – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)