महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-12, verse-40

इन्द्रस्तु विस्मितो हृष्टः स्त्रियं पप्रच्छ तां पुनः ।
पुरुषोत्पादिता ये ते कथं द्वेष्याः सुतास्तव ॥४०॥

40. indrastu vismito hṛṣṭaḥ striyaṁ papraccha tāṁ punaḥ ,
puruṣotpāditā ye te kathaṁ dveṣyāḥ sutāstava.

40. indraḥ tu vismitaḥ hṛṣṭaḥ striyam papraccha tām
punaḥ puruṣotpāditāḥ ye te katham dveṣyāḥ sutāḥ tava

40. tu vismitaḥ hṛṣṭaḥ indraḥ punaḥ tām striyam papraccha
ye puruṣotpāditāḥ te tava sutāḥ katham dveṣyāḥ

40. Indra, both surprised and delighted, questioned the woman again: 'How is it that those sons born when you were a man are disliked by you?'

Words meanings summery:

• इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - the deity Indra (Indra (king of gods))

• तु (tu) - but, indicating a transition or slight contrast (but, indeed, yet)

• विस्मितः (vismitaḥ) - being surprised (by her request) (surprised, astonished, amazed)

• हृष्टः (hṛṣṭaḥ) - being pleased (by her supplication or general disposition) (pleased, delighted, thrilled)

• स्त्रियम् (striyam) - the woman (Ilā) (woman, female)

• पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - asked (Indra questioned the woman) (asked, inquired)

• ताम् (tām) - her (the woman) (her, that (feminine singular accusative))

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, for a second time (again, anew, but, moreover)

• पुरुषोत्पादिताः (puruṣotpāditāḥ) - those children born when she was a man (produced by a man, born of a man)

• ये (ye) - those who (the children) (who, which (plural nominative))

• ते (te) - those (children) (those, they)

• कथम् (katham) - how (is it possible?) (how, why)

• द्वेष्याः (dveṣyāḥ) - are disliked (hateful, detestable, disliked)

• सुताः (sutāḥ) - sons (of Ilā/Sudyumna) (sons, children)

• तव (tava) - your (sons) (your, of you)

Words meanings and morphology

इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - the deity Indra (Indra (king of gods))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra, king of gods, best, chief

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तु (tu) - but, indicating a transition or slight contrast (but, indeed, yet)

(indeclinable)

Particle

विस्मितः (vismitaḥ) - being surprised (by her request) (surprised, astonished, amazed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vismita

vismita - surprised, astonished, amazed

Past Passive Participle

From vi-√smi (to be astonished).

Prefix: vi

Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Indra.

हृष्टः (hṛṣṭaḥ) - being pleased (by her supplication or general disposition) (pleased, delighted, thrilled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - pleased, delighted, thrilled, joyous

Past Passive Participle

From √hṛṣ (to be pleased).

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Indra.

स्त्रियम् (striyam) - the woman (Ilā) (woman, female)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of strī

strī - woman, female

Feminine noun.

Note: Object of `papraccha`.

पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - asked (Indra questioned the woman) (asked, inquired)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of prach

Perfect active

Irregular perfect form of √prach.

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

ताम् (tām) - her (the woman) (her, that (feminine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Coreferential with `striyam`.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, for a second time (again, anew, but, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial particle.

Note: Indicates repetition of the action of asking.

पुरुषोत्पादिताः (puruṣotpāditāḥ) - those children born when she was a man (produced by a man, born of a man)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣotpādita

puruṣotpādita - produced by a man, born of a man

Past Passive Participle

Compound of `puruṣa` and `utpādita`. `utpādita` from ut-√pad (to be born, produce).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+utpādita)

• puruṣa – man, male, person
  noun (masculine)
• utpādita – produced, created, generated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From ut-√pad (to arise, be produced)
  Prefix: ut
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Refers to the children.

ये (ye) - those who (the children) (who, which (plural nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the children.

ते (te) - those (children) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Correlative to `ye`.

कथम् (katham) - how (is it possible?) (how, why)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

द्वेष्याः (dveṣyāḥ) - are disliked (hateful, detestable, disliked)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dveṣya

dveṣya - to be hated, detestable, disliked, an enemy

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From √dviṣ (to hate).

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for `sutāḥ`.

सुताः (sutāḥ) - sons (of Ilā/Sudyumna) (sons, children)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suta

suta - son, child

From √sū (to beget, bear).

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Subject of the question.

तव (tava) - your (sons) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Genitive singular of `yuṣmad`.

Note: Indicates possession.