महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-12, verse-38

प्रणिपातेन तस्येन्द्रः परितुष्टो वरं ददौ ।
पुत्रा वै कतमे राजञ्जीवन्तु तव शंस मे ।
स्त्रीभूतस्य हि ये जाताः पुरुषस्याथ येऽभवन् ॥३८॥

38. praṇipātena tasyendraḥ parituṣṭo varaṁ dadau ,
putrā vai katame rājañjīvantu tava śaṁsa me ,
strībhūtasya hi ye jātāḥ puruṣasyātha ye'bhavan.

38. praṇipātena tasya indraḥ parituṣṭaḥ
varam dadau putrā vai katame rājan
jīvantu tava śaṃsa me strībhūtasya
hi ye jātāḥ puruṣasya atha ye abhavan

38. tasya praṇipātena indraḥ parituṣṭaḥ varam dadau rājan,
vai tava katame putrāḥ jīvantu? me śaṃsa hi ye strībhūtasya jātāḥ,
atha ye puruṣasya abhavan

38. Satisfied by his prostration, Indra gave a boon: "O King, tell me which of your sons should live – indeed, those born when you were a woman, or those who became yours when you were a man (puruṣa)?"

Words meanings summery:

• प्रणिपातेन (praṇipātena) - by prostration, by bowing down

• तस्य (tasya) - of the royal sage (his, of him (genitive singular))

• इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra

• परितुष्टः (parituṣṭaḥ) - completely satisfied, highly pleased

• वरम् (varam) - boon, blessing, choice thing

• ददौ (dadau) - gave

• पुत्रा (putrā) - sons (nominative plural)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, truly

• कतमे (katame) - which, which of these (masculine nominative plural)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (vocative singular)

• जीवन्तु (jīvantu) - let them live, may they live

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• शंस (śaṁsa) - tell, declare, relate

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• स्त्रीभूतस्य (strībhūtasya) - of the king when he was a woman (of one who was a woman, when you were a woman)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• ये (ye) - those who (masculine nominative plural)

• जाताः (jātāḥ) - born, produced

• पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of the king in his male (puruṣa) form (of the man, when you were a man)

• अथ (atha) - and, then, moreover

• ये (ye) - those who

• अभवन् (abhavan) - those who became (his sons) (they were, they became, they existed)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रणिपातेन (praṇipātena) - by prostration, by bowing down

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of praṇipāta

praṇipāta - prostration, bowing down, humble salutation

From root `pat` (to fall) with prefixes `pra-` and `ni-`.

Prefixes: pra+ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Denotes the means by which Indra was satisfied.

तस्य (tasya) - of the royal sage (his, of him (genitive singular))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

masculine/neuter genitive singular form of `tad`.

Note: Refers to the royal sage.

इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra

Note: Subject of the sentence.

परितुष्टः (parituṣṭaḥ) - completely satisfied, highly pleased

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parituṣṭa

parituṣṭa - completely satisfied, highly pleased

Past Passive Participle

From root `tuṣ` (to be pleased) with prefix `pari-` (completely, around).

Prefix: pari

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `indraḥ`.

वरम् (varam) - boon, blessing, choice thing

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - boon, blessing, excellent, choice

From root `vṛ` (to choose, to wish).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Object of `dadau`.

ददौ (dadau) - gave

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of dā

Perfect

3rd person singular perfect active of root `dā` (to give).

Root: dā (class 3)

पुत्रा (putrā) - sons (nominative plural)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Root: pū (class 1)

Note: Subject of `jīvantu`.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, truly

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis.

कतमे (katame) - which, which of these (masculine nominative plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of katama

katama - which (of many), what sort of

Interrogative pronoun.

Root: kim

Note: Adjective for `putrāḥ`.

राजन् (rājan) - O King (vocative singular)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressing the king.

जीवन्तु (jīvantu) - let them live, may they live

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of jīv

Imperative

3rd person plural imperative active of root `jīv` (to live).

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Expresses a wish or command.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Genitive singular of `yuṣmad`.

Note: Possessive adjective for `putrāḥ`.

शंस (śaṁsa) - tell, declare, relate

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śaṃs

Imperative

2nd person singular imperative active of root `śaṃs` (to declare, to tell).

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Command to the King.

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: 'Tell to me'.

स्त्रीभूतस्य (strībhūtasya) - of the king when he was a woman (of one who was a woman, when you were a woman)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of strībhūta

strībhūta - having become a woman, being in the state of a woman

Compound of `strī` (woman) and `bhūta` (become, been).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (strī+bhūta)

• strī – woman, wife, female
  noun (feminine)
• bhūta – become, been, existed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `bhū` (to be, to become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Describes the state of the king.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis or causation.

Note: Emphatic.

ये (ye) - those who (masculine nominative plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, that

masculine nominative plural of `yad`.

Note: Refers to `putrāḥ`.

जाताः (jātāḥ) - born, produced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jāta

jāta - born, produced, become

Past Passive Participle

From root `jan` (to be born, to produce), suffix -ta.

Root: jan (class 4)

पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of the king in his male (puruṣa) form (of the man, when you were a man)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, male, person, spirit, cosmic person

Root: pṛ

Note: Genitive case, implying 'of the man' or 'while a man'.

अथ (atha) - and, then, moreover

(indeclinable)

Particle, often introducing a new clause or a question.

Note: Connects the two categories of sons.

ये (ye) - those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, that

masculine nominative plural of `yad`.

Note: Refers to `putrāḥ`.

अभवन् (abhavan) - those who became (his sons) (they were, they became, they existed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect

3rd person plural imperfect active of root `bhū` (to be, to become).

Root: bhū (class 1)