महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-12, verse-15

महता त्वथ खेदेन आरुह्याश्वं नराधिपः ।
पुनरायात्पुरं तात स्त्रीभूतो नृपसत्तम ॥१५॥

15. mahatā tvatha khedena āruhyāśvaṁ narādhipaḥ ,
punarāyātpuraṁ tāta strībhūto nṛpasattama.

15. mahatā tu atha khedena āruhya aśvam narādhipaḥ
punaḥ āyāt puram tāta strībhūtaḥ nṛpasattama

15. tāta nṛpasattama atha tu mahatā khedena aśvam
āruhya strībhūtaḥ narādhipaḥ punaḥ puram āyāt

15. Then, with great sorrow, O best of kings, that ruler, having mounted his horse, returned to the city, having been transformed into a woman.

Words meanings summery:

• महता (mahatā) - with great (sorrow) (by the great one, with great, by the mighty)

• तु (tu) - then, indeed (emphasizing the transition) (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

• अथ (atha) - then, subsequently (then, now, moreover)

• खेदेन (khedena) - with great sorrow (by sorrow, with regret, by distress)

• आरुह्य (āruhya) - having mounted (his horse) (having mounted, having ascended, having climbed)

• अश्वम् (aśvam) - his horse (horse (accusative))

• नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - the king, that ruler (king, ruler, lord of men)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back (again, back, anew)

• आयात् (āyāt) - returned (to the city) (he returned, he came back)

• पुरम् (puram) - the city (city, fortress, town)

• तात (tāta) - O dear father (form of address) (dear one, father, son)

• स्त्रीभूतः (strībhūtaḥ) - having been transformed into a woman (having become a woman, transformed into a woman)

• नृपसत्तम (nṛpasattama) - O best of kings (form of address) (O best of kings, O most excellent ruler)

Words meanings and morphology

महता (mahatā) - with great (sorrow) (by the great one, with great, by the mighty)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, mighty

Root: mah

Note: Agrees with khedena.

तु (tu) - then, indeed (emphasizing the transition) (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

अथ (atha) - then, subsequently (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

खेदेन (khedena) - with great sorrow (by sorrow, with regret, by distress)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kheda

kheda - sorrow, regret, distress, weariness

Root: khid

आरुह्य (āruhya) - having mounted (his horse) (having mounted, having ascended, having climbed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Formed with prefix ā- and root ruh.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Denotes an action completed before the main verb.

अश्वम् (aśvam) - his horse (horse (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aśva

aśva - horse

Note: Object of āruhya.

नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - the king, that ruler (king, ruler, lord of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, person, male
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: dhā

Note: Subject of the sentence.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back (again, back, anew)

(indeclinable)

Note: The form punaḥ is the visarga form, punar is the form before a vowel or soft consonant (ru-sandhi). The base form is punar.

आयात् (āyāt) - returned (to the city) (he returned, he came back)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of ā-yā

Aorist

Root yā with prefix ā. Aorist 3rd person singular active.

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

पुरम् (puram) - the city (city, fortress, town)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pura

pura - city, town, fortress

Note: Object of āyāt (direction of motion).

तात (tāta) - O dear father (form of address) (dear one, father, son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one (term of endearment for father, son, or elder)

स्त्रीभूतः (strībhūtaḥ) - having been transformed into a woman (having become a woman, transformed into a woman)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of strībhūta

strībhūta - having become a woman, transformed into a woman

Past Passive Participle

Compound of strī (woman) and bhūta (become).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (strī+bhūta)

• strī – woman, female
  noun (feminine)
• bhūta – become, happened, existing, being
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū (to be, become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with narādhipaḥ.

नृपसत्तम (nṛpasattama) - O best of kings (form of address) (O best of kings, O most excellent ruler)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpasattama

nṛpasattama - best of kings, most excellent ruler

Compound of nṛpa (king) and sattama (best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+sattama)

• nṛpa – king, ruler, protector of men
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent, supreme
  adjective
  Superlative suffix -tama added to sat (good, existing).

Note: Used as a vocative.