महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-12, verse-32

कदाचिन्मृगयां यात उद्भ्रान्तो गहने वने ।
अवगाढश्च सरसि स्त्रीभूतो ब्राह्मणोत्तम ।
पुत्रान्राज्ये प्रतिष्ठाप्य वनमस्मि ततो गतः ॥३२॥

32. kadācinmṛgayāṁ yāta udbhrānto gahane vane ,
avagāḍhaśca sarasi strībhūto brāhmaṇottama ,
putrānrājye pratiṣṭhāpya vanamasmi tato gataḥ.

32. kadācit mṛgayām yātaḥ udbhrāntaḥ
gahane vane avagāḍhaḥ ca sarasi
strībhūtaḥ brāhmaṇottama putrān rājye
pratiṣṭhāpya vanam asmi tataḥ gataḥ

32. brāhmaṇottama kadācit mṛgayām yātaḥ
gahane vane udbhrāntaḥ ca sarasi avagāḍhaḥ
strībhūtaḥ (abhuvaṃ) tataḥ putrān
rājye pratiṣṭhāpya vanam gataḥ asmi

32. Once, having gone hunting, bewildered in a dense forest, and having plunged into a lake, I became a woman, O best of brahmins. Having established my sons in the kingdom, I then went to the forest.

Words meanings summery:

• कदाचित् (kadācit) - once, at some time, sometimes

• मृगयाम् (mṛgayām) - for the purpose of hunting (hunting, the chase)

• यातः (yātaḥ) - gone, having gone

• उद्भ्रान्तः (udbhrāntaḥ) - bewildered, lost, confused

• गहने (gahane) - in a dense, deep

• वने (vane) - in the forest, in a grove

• अवगाढः (avagāḍhaḥ) - entered, plunged into

• च (ca) - and, also

• सरसि (sarasi) - in the lake, in the pond

• स्त्रीभूतः (strībhūtaḥ) - having become a woman

• ब्राह्मणोत्तम (brāhmaṇottama) - O best of brahmins, O excellent brahmin

• पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons

• राज्ये (rājye) - in the kingdom, in the reign

• प्रतिष्ठाप्य (pratiṣṭhāpya) - having established, having settled

• वनम् (vanam) - to the forest

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there, thereupon

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone

Words meanings and morphology

कदाचित् (kadācit) - once, at some time, sometimes

(indeclinable)

मृगयाम् (mṛgayām) - for the purpose of hunting (hunting, the chase)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mṛgayā

mṛgayā - hunting, chase, game

Note: Used with verbs of motion to indicate purpose or direction.

यातः (yātaḥ) - gone, having gone

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yāta

yāta - gone, departed, walked

Past Passive Participle

From root `yā` (to go).

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Refers to the implied 'I' (aham).

उद्भ्रान्तः (udbhrāntaḥ) - bewildered, lost, confused

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udbhrānta

udbhrānta - bewildered, confused, lost, agitated

Past Passive Participle

From root `bhram` (to wander) with prefix `ud` (up, out). `ud-bhram` > `udbhrānta`.

Prefix: ud

Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied 'I' (aham).

गहने (gahane) - in a dense, deep

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of gahana

gahana - dense, deep, impenetrable, thick

Note: Agrees with `vane`.

वने (vane) - in the forest, in a grove

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

अवगाढः (avagāḍhaḥ) - entered, plunged into

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avagāḍha

avagāḍha - entered, plunged into, immersed

Past Passive Participle

From root `gāh` (to plunge) with prefix `ava`.

Prefix: ava

Root: gāh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied 'I' (aham).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सरसि (sarasi) - in the lake, in the pond

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saras

saras - lake, pond, water

स्त्रीभूतः (strībhūtaḥ) - having become a woman

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of strībhūta

strībhūta - having become a woman, transformed into a woman

Past Passive Participle (of the secondary root bhū)

Compound: `strī` (woman) + `bhūta` (become, been, formed). `bhūta` is from root `bhū`.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (strī+bhūta)

• strī – woman, female
  noun (feminine)
• bhūta – become, been, past, creature
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `bhū` (to be, to become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied 'I' (aham).

ब्राह्मणोत्तम (brāhmaṇottama) - O best of brahmins, O excellent brahmin

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇottama

brāhmaṇottama - best of brahmins, excellent brahmin

Compound: `brāhmaṇa` (brahmin) + `uttama` (best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brāhmaṇa+uttama)

• brāhmaṇa – brahmin, priestly class
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, excellent, highest
  adjective

पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of `pratiṣṭhāpya`.

राज्ये (rājye) - in the kingdom, in the reign

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty

Note: Locative of place where sons were established.

प्रतिष्ठाप्य (pratiṣṭhāpya) - having established, having settled

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From causative root `sthā` (to stand, establish) with prefix `prati`. Absolutive in -ya (after prefix).

Prefix: prati

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb 'gataḥ asmi'.

वनम् (vanam) - to the forest

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Note: Direction of motion.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present tense

Root `as`, 2nd conjugation (adādi), active voice, present tense, 1st person singular.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Copula for the past participle `gataḥ`.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates sequence of events.

गतः (gataḥ) - gone

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached

Past Passive Participle

From root `gam` (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Forms a past tense with `asmi`.