महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-12, verse-41

स्त्रीभूतस्य हि ये जाताः स्नेहस्तेभ्योऽधिकः कथम् ।
कारणं श्रोतुमिच्छामि तन्मे वक्तुमिहार्हसि ॥४१॥

41. strībhūtasya hi ye jātāḥ snehastebhyo'dhikaḥ katham ,
kāraṇaṁ śrotumicchāmi tanme vaktumihārhasi.

41. strībhūtasya hi ye jātāḥ snehaḥ tebhyaḥ adhikaḥ katham
kāraṇam śrotum icchāmi tat me vaktum iha arhasi

41. hi strībhūtasya ye jātāḥ tebhyaḥ snehaḥ katham adhikaḥ
kāraṇam śrotum icchāmi tat me iha vaktum arhasi

41. How is it that the affection for those born when you were a woman is greater (than for those born when you were a man)? I wish to hear the reason for this; you ought to explain that to me now.

Words meanings summery:

• स्त्रीभूतस्य (strībhūtasya) - of me, who had become a woman (of one who became a woman)

• हि (hi) - indeed, truly (indeed, surely, for, because)

• ये (ye) - those who (the children) (who, which (plural nominative))

• जाताः (jātāḥ) - were born (born, produced)

• स्नेहः (snehaḥ) - affection (for the children) (affection, love, tenderness, oil)

• तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - for them (the children born when she was a man). This is a comparative ablative, 'than them'. (to/for/from them (plural dative/ablative))

• अधिकः (adhikaḥ) - greater (affection) (more, excessive, abundant, superior)

• कथम् (katham) - how (is this possible?) (how, why)

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - the reason (for this difference in affection) (reason, cause, instrument)

• श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear (the reason) (to hear, for hearing)

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I (Indra) desire (I wish, I desire)

• तत् (tat) - that (reason) (that, it (neuter singular accusative))

• मे (me) - to me (Indra) (to me, for me)

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to tell (the reason) (to speak, to tell)

• इह (iha) - here, now (in this discussion) (here, in this world, now)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you (the female ascetic) ought to, you are able to (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

Words meanings and morphology

स्त्रीभूतस्य (strībhūtasya) - of me, who had become a woman (of one who became a woman)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of strībhūta

strībhūta - having become a woman

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (strī+bhūta)

• strī – woman, female
  noun (feminine)
• bhūta – become, been, past, being
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √bhū (to be, become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Genitive of reference, 'of one who became a woman'.

हि (hi) - indeed, truly (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Particle

Note: Used for emphasis.

ये (ye) - those who (the children) (who, which (plural nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the children.

जाताः (jātāḥ) - were born (born, produced)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jāta

jāta - born, produced, become

Past Passive Participle

From √jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `ye` (children).

स्नेहः (snehaḥ) - affection (for the children) (affection, love, tenderness, oil)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sneha

sneha - affection, love, tenderness, oil, unctuousness

From √snih (to be sticky, to love).

Root: snih (class 4)

Note: Subject of the clause.

तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - for them (the children born when she was a man). This is a comparative ablative, 'than them'. (to/for/from them (plural dative/ablative))

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

Dative/Ablative plural of `tad`.

Note: Used with `adhikaḥ` to imply comparison.

अधिकः (adhikaḥ) - greater (affection) (more, excessive, abundant, superior)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhika

adhika - more, additional, excessive, superior

From adhi-√i (to go over, surpass) or derived from `adhika` (noun).

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for `snehaḥ`.

कथम् (katham) - how (is this possible?) (how, why)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - the reason (for this difference in affection) (reason, cause, instrument)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, motive, instrument

From √kṛ (to do, make) + ana.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of `śrotum icchāmi`.

श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear (the reason) (to hear, for hearing)

(verb)

active, infinitive of śru

Infinitive

From √śru (to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Governs `kāraṇam`.

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I (Indra) desire (I wish, I desire)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of iṣ

Present active

Present stem `iccha-`.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Subject is implied 'I' (Indra).

तत् (tat) - that (reason) (that, it (neuter singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of `vaktum`.

मे (me) - to me (Indra) (to me, for me)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

Dative/Genitive singular of `aham`.

Note: Indirect object of `vaktum`.

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to tell (the reason) (to speak, to tell)

(verb)

active, infinitive of vac

Infinitive

From √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Governed by `arhasi`.

इह (iha) - here, now (in this discussion) (here, in this world, now)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you (the female ascetic) ought to, you are able to (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of arh

Present active

Present stem `arha-`.

Root: arh (class 10)

Note: Subject is implied 'you' (the ascetic).