महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-12, verse-49

एवमस्त्विति चोक्त्वा तामापृच्छ्य त्रिदिवं गतः ।
एवं स्त्रिया महाराज अधिका प्रीतिरुच्यते ॥४९॥

49. evamastviti coktvā tāmāpṛcchya tridivaṁ gataḥ ,
evaṁ striyā mahārāja adhikā prītirucyate.

49. evam astu iti ca uktvā tām āpṛcchya tridivam
gataḥ evam striyā mahārāja adhikā prītiḥ ucyate

49. evam astu iti ca uktvā tām āpṛcchya tridivam
gataḥ evam mahārāja striyā adhikā prītiḥ ucyate

49. And having said, 'So be it,' and taken leave of her, he departed to heaven. Thus, O great king, is the superior delight of a woman declared.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner)

• अस्तु (astu) - so be it (let it be, may it be)

• इति (iti) - thus (marking a quote) (thus, so saying, quotation marker)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said (having said, having spoken)

• ताम् (tām) - her (her, that (feminine accusative))

• आपृच्छ्य (āpṛcchya) - having taken leave of (having taken leave of, having bid farewell to)

• त्रिदिवम् (tridivam) - to heaven (heaven, celestial world)

• गतः (gataḥ) - departed (gone, departed)

• एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner)

• स्त्रिया (striyā) - by a woman (by a woman, with a woman)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• अधिका (adhikā) - superior (excessive, superior, greater, abundant)

• प्रीतिः (prītiḥ) - delight (pleasure, delight, affection, love)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is declared (is said, is declared, is called)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

अस्तु (astu) - so be it (let it be, may it be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of as

Imperative Active

From root as- (to be), 2nd class, imperative mood, 3rd person singular

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Part of the phrase 'evam astu' (so be it).

इति (iti) - thus (marking a quote) (thus, so saying, quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of the quoted speech.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said (having said, having spoken)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root vac- (to speak) + ktvā (absolutive suffix)

Root: vac (class 2)

ताम् (tām) - her (her, that (feminine accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, her

Feminine singular accusative of tad

Note: Refers to Ilaa.

आपृच्छ्य (āpṛcchya) - having taken leave of (having taken leave of, having bid farewell to)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root prach- (to ask) with prefix ā-, and suffix -lyaP (absolutive for prefixed verbs)

Prefix: ā

Root: prach (class 6)

त्रिदिवम् (tridivam) - to heaven (heaven, celestial world)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tridiva

tridiva - heaven, celestial world

Compound of tri (three) and diva (heaven/sky)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tri+diva)

• tri – three
  numeral
• diva – sky, heaven, day
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of motion, indicates destination.

गतः (gataḥ) - departed (gone, departed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached

Past Passive Participle

From root gam- (to go) + kta

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used actively here with implied 'was'.

एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

स्त्रिया (striyā) - by a woman (by a woman, with a woman)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of strī

strī - woman, female

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'ucyate'.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound of mahā (great) and rājan (king)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira.

अधिका (adhikā) - superior (excessive, superior, greater, abundant)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of adhika

adhika - more, excessive, superior

Note: Agrees with 'prītiḥ'.

प्रीतिः (prītiḥ) - delight (pleasure, delight, affection, love)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prīti

prīti - pleasure, delight, affection, love

From root prī- (to please, gladden)

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Subject of the passive verb 'ucyate'.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is declared (is said, is declared, is called)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of vac

Present Passive

From root vac- (to speak), present tense, 3rd person singular, passive voice

Root: vac (class 2)