महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-12, verse-46

एवमुक्तस्तु देवेन्द्रस्तां स्त्रियं प्रत्युवाच ह ।
पुरुषत्वं कथं त्यक्त्वा स्त्रीत्वं रोचयसे विभो ॥४६॥

46. evamuktastu devendrastāṁ striyaṁ pratyuvāca ha ,
puruṣatvaṁ kathaṁ tyaktvā strītvaṁ rocayase vibho.

46. evam uktaḥ tu devendraḥ tām striyam prati uvāca ha
puruṣatvam kathaṃ tyaktvā strītvaṃ rocayase vibho

46. evam uktaḥ tu devendraḥ tām striyam ha prati uvāca he vibho,
kathaṃ puruṣatvam tyaktvā strītvaṃ rocayase

46. When thus addressed, the lord of the gods, Devendra, then indeed spoke to that woman: 'O almighty one, having abandoned manhood (puruṣatva), why do you desire womanhood (strītva)?'

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - when he was addressed thus (thus, in this manner)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - (Indra) having been spoken to (having been said, spoken)

• तु (tu) - emphasizing the action that followed (but, indeed, however)

• देवेन्द्रः (devendraḥ) - Indra, as the chief of the gods (lord of the gods, Indra)

• ताम् (tām) - that woman (that, her (feminine accusative singular))

• स्त्रियम् (striyam) - that woman (the one who just spoke) (woman (accusative singular))

• प्रति (prati) - towards, to (her) (towards, against, concerning)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Indra spoke to her (spoke, said)

• ह (ha) - indeed spoke (indeed, surely)

• पुरुषत्वम् (puruṣatvam) - the state of being a man (puruṣatva) (manhood, masculinity, human nature)

• कथं (kathaṁ) - why (do you choose this)? (how, why)

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having given up manhood (having abandoned, having given up)

• स्त्रीत्वं (strītvaṁ) - the state of being a woman (strītva) (womanhood, femininity)

• रोचयसे (rocayase) - why do you desire/prefer womanhood? (you cause to shine, you please yourself, you desire)

• विभो (vibho) - O almighty one (addressed to the woman, acknowledging her power or choice) (O powerful one, O almighty one, O pervader)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - when he was addressed thus (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - (Indra) having been spoken to (having been said, spoken)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, told

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vac (ब्रूञ्) (weak stem uv- > uk-) with suffix -ta.

Root: vac (class 2)

तु (tu) - emphasizing the action that followed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis or contrast.

देवेन्द्रः (devendraḥ) - Indra, as the chief of the gods (lord of the gods, Indra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of devendra

devendra - lord of the gods, chief of the deities (a title of Indra)

Compound: deva (god) + indra (chief).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+indra)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, Indra (deity)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Indra.

ताम् (tām) - that woman (that, her (feminine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, feminine accusative singular.

स्त्रियम् (striyam) - that woman (the one who just spoke) (woman (accusative singular))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of strī

strī - woman, female, wife

प्रति (prati) - towards, to (her) (towards, against, concerning)

(indeclinable)

Preposition, often functions as a verbal prefix.

उवाच (uvāca) - Indra spoke to her (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense active

Root vac (ब्रूञ्) in perfect tense, third person singular, active voice. The perfect stem is often irregular, with reduplication.

Root: vac (class 2)

ह (ha) - indeed spoke (indeed, surely)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

पुरुषत्वम् (puruṣatvam) - the state of being a man (puruṣatva) (manhood, masculinity, human nature)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of puruṣatva

puruṣatva - manhood, masculinity, the state of being a man; also sometimes referred to as 'personhood' (puruṣa)

Derived from puruṣa with the suffix -tva, forming an abstract noun.

कथं (kathaṁ) - why (do you choose this)? (how, why)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having given up manhood (having abandoned, having given up)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root tyaj (त्यज्) with suffix -ktvā.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

स्त्रीत्वं (strītvaṁ) - the state of being a woman (strītva) (womanhood, femininity)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of strītva

strītva - womanhood, femininity, the state of being a woman

Derived from strī (woman) with the suffix -tva, forming an abstract noun.

रोचयसे (rocayase) - why do you desire/prefer womanhood? (you cause to shine, you please yourself, you desire)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ruc

present tense middle (causative stem)

From causative stem rocaya of root ruc (रुच्) 'to shine, be pleasing', in present tense, second person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada). Here, 'to desire' or 'to prefer'.

Root: ruc (class 1)

विभो (vibho) - O almighty one (addressed to the woman, acknowledging her power or choice) (O powerful one, O almighty one, O pervader)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vibhu

vibhu - omnipresent, mighty, powerful, lord, ruler

From vi (prefix) + bhū (root 'to be').

Prefix: vi

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: An honorific addressed to the woman.