महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-12, verse-8

इतश्चेतश्च वै धावञ्श्रमतृष्णार्दितो नृपः ।
सरोऽपश्यत्सुरुचिरं पूर्णं परमवारिणा ।
सोऽवगाह्य सरस्तात पाययामास वाजिनम् ॥८॥

8. itaścetaśca vai dhāvañśramatṛṣṇārdito nṛpaḥ ,
saro'paśyatsuruciraṁ pūrṇaṁ paramavāriṇā ,
so'vagāhya sarastāta pāyayāmāsa vājinam.

8. itaḥ ca itaḥ ca vai dhāvan
śramatṛṣṇārditaḥ nṛpaḥ saraḥ apaśyat
suruciram pūrṇam paramavāriṇā saḥ avagāhya
saraḥ tāta pāyayāmāsa vājinam

8. Running hither and thither, indeed, the king, afflicted by fatigue and thirst, then saw a very beautiful and full lake with excellent water. Having entered that lake, my dear (son), he made his horse drink.

Words meanings summery:

• इतः (itaḥ) - here (hence, from here, hither)

• च (ca) - and

• इतः (itaḥ) - there (hence, from here, hither)

• च (ca) - and

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• धावन् (dhāvan) - running

• श्रमतृष्णार्दितः (śramatṛṣṇārditaḥ) - afflicted by fatigue and thirst

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king

• सरः (saraḥ) - a lake, pond

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw

• सुरुचिरम् (suruciram) - very beautiful, exceedingly lovely

• पूर्णम् (pūrṇam) - full (of water) (full, complete)

• परमवारिणा (paramavāriṇā) - with excellent water

• सः (saḥ) - the king (he)

• अवगाह्य (avagāhya) - having entered, having plunged into

• सरः (saraḥ) - the lake, pond

• तात (tāta) - my dear (form of address, usually to a junior or beloved person) (dear one, dear son, father)

• पाययामास (pāyayāmāsa) - he made (it) drink, he gave (it) to drink

• वाजिनम् (vājinam) - his horse (the horse)

Words meanings and morphology

इतः (itaḥ) - here (hence, from here, hither)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

इतः (itaḥ) - there (hence, from here, hither)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

Note: Used as the second part of 'hither and thither' construction.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two 'itaḥ' to form 'hither and thither'.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

An emphatic particle, often used to confirm or emphasize a statement.

धावन् (dhāvan) - running

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhāvat

dhāvat - running, a runner

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √dhāv (to run).

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Qualifies nṛpaḥ.

श्रमतृष्णार्दितः (śramatṛṣṇārditaḥ) - afflicted by fatigue and thirst

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śramatṛṣṇārdita

śramatṛṣṇārdita - distressed by fatigue and thirst

Compound of śrama (fatigue), tṛṣṇā (thirst), and ārdita (afflicted).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śrama+tṛṣṇā+ārdita)

• śrama – fatigue, weariness, exertion
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śram (class 4)
• tṛṣṇā – thirst, craving, desire
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root √tṛṣ (to thirst, to desire).
  Root: tṛṣ (class 4)
• ārdita – afflicted, distressed, tormented
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √ṛd (to suffer, torment) with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛd (class 6)

Note: Agrees with nṛpaḥ.

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler (protector of men)

Compound of nṛ (man) and pa (protector, from √pā, to protect).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of apaśyat.

सरः (saraḥ) - a lake, pond

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saras

saras - lake, pond, large pool

Neuter noun ending in -as.

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of apaśyat.

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect Active

Imperfect (laṅ), 3rd person singular, active voice of √dṛś (class 1, paśyati form).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Subject is nṛpaḥ.

सुरुचिरम् (suruciram) - very beautiful, exceedingly lovely

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of surucira

surucira - very beautiful, charming, splendid

Compound of su (good, well, very) and rucira (beautiful, lovely).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+rucira)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
  An intensifying prefix or adverb.
• rucira – bright, beautiful, lovely, pleasing
  adjective
  Derived from root √ruc (to shine, please).
  Root: ruc (class 1)

Note: Agrees with saraḥ.

पूर्णम् (pūrṇam) - full (of water) (full, complete)

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pūrṇa

pūrṇa - full, complete, filled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √pṛ (to fill).

Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Agrees with saraḥ.

परमवारिणा (paramavāriṇā) - with excellent water

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of paramavāri

paramavāri - excellent water, supreme water

Compound of parama (supreme, excellent) and vāri (water).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+vāri)

• parama – supreme, highest, excellent
  adjective
  Superlative of para.
• vāri – water
  noun (neuter)
  Neuter noun ending in -i.

Note: Indicates what the lake is full with.

सः (saḥ) - the king (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, nominative singular masculine.

अवगाह्य (avagāhya) - having entered, having plunged into

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Derived from root √gāh (to plunge, dive) with prefix ava.

Prefix: ava

Root: gāh (class 1)

सरः (saraḥ) - the lake, pond

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saras

saras - lake, pond, large pool

Neuter noun ending in -as.

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of avagāhya.

तात (tāta) - my dear (form of address, usually to a junior or beloved person) (dear one, dear son, father)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one (term of endearment, often used for a younger person or a person of similar status by a speaker of higher status)

Vocative singular masculine.

पाययामास (pāyayāmāsa) - he made (it) drink, he gave (it) to drink

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active (causative), perfect (lit) of pāyayāmāsa

Causative Perfect Active

Intensive-causative perfect (lit) 3rd person singular active of √pā (to drink).

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Subject is saḥ (king), object is vājinam.

वाजिनम् (vājinam) - his horse (the horse)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vājin

vājin - horse, swift, powerful

Masculine noun ending in -in.

Note: Object of pāyayāmāsa.