महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-12, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
भङ्गाश्वनेन शक्रस्य यथा वैरमभूत्पुरा ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
bhaṅgāśvanena śakrasya yathā vairamabhūtpurā.

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam
purātanam bhaṅgaśvanena śakrasya yathā vairam abhūt purā

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra api imam purātanam itihāsam udāharanti
yathā purā bhaṅgaśvanena śakrasya vairam abhūt

2. Bhīṣma said: 'In this regard, they also narrate this ancient story (itihāsa), how there was once enmity between Bhangaśvana and Śakra.'

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (speaker) (Bhīṣma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• अत्र (atra) - in this regard (here, in this matter)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they narrate (they cite, they mention, they narrate)

• इमम् (imam) - this (narrative) (this, him)

• इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - narrative (itihāsa) (narrative, history, story, epic (itihāsa))

• पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient (ancient, old, primeval)

• भङ्गश्वनेन (bhaṅgaśvanena) - by Bhangaśvana

• शक्रस्य (śakrasya) - of Śakra (Indra) (of Śakra, of Indra)

• यथा (yathā) - how (how, as, just as)

• वैरम् (vairam) - enmity (enmity, hostility, hatred)

• अभूत् (abhūt) - there was, it existed (it was, it happened, it came into being)

• पुरा (purā) - once (in ancient times) (formerly, anciently, in former times)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (speaker) (Bhīṣma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (a prominent character in the Mahābhārata)

"terrible, formidable", from root `bhīṣ`

Root: bhīṣ (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active indicative

third person singular perfect from root `vac`.

Root: vac (class 2)

अत्र (atra) - in this regard (here, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they narrate (they cite, they mention, they narrate)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of udāhṛ

present active indicative

Third person plural present from root `hṛ` with prefixes `ud-` and `ā-`.

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

इमम् (imam) - this (narrative) (this, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun.

इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - narrative (itihāsa) (narrative, history, story, epic (itihāsa))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of itihāsa

itihāsa - history, legend, tradition, story, narrative (itihāsa)

from `iti ha āsa` (thus indeed it was)

Note: Object of `udāharanti`.

पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient (ancient, old, primeval)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, primeval, traditional

from `purā` (formerly) + `tana` (suffix for old/ancient)

भङ्गश्वनेन (bhaṅgaśvanena) - by Bhangaśvana

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhaṅgaśvana

bhaṅgaśvana - Name of an ancient king (Bhangaśvana)

Note: Agent of the enmity.

शक्रस्य (śakrasya) - of Śakra (Indra) (of Śakra, of Indra)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Śakra, Indra (king of the gods)

from root `śak` (to be able), meaning "the mighty one"

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Indicates the other party in the enmity.

यथा (yathā) - how (how, as, just as)

(indeclinable)

Relative adverb.

वैरम् (vairam) - enmity (enmity, hostility, hatred)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vaira

vaira - enmity, hostility, hatred, antagonism

from `vīra` (hero, man) or `vīra` (a rival)

Note: Subject of `abhūt`.

अभूत् (abhūt) - there was, it existed (it was, it happened, it came into being)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of bhū

aorist active

Third person singular aorist.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Denotes a past event.

पुरा (purā) - once (in ancient times) (formerly, anciently, in former times)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.