महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-12, verse-16

पुत्रा दाराश्च भृत्याश्च पौरजानपदाश्च ते ।
किं न्विदं त्विति विज्ञाय विस्मयं परमं गताः ॥१६॥

16. putrā dārāśca bhṛtyāśca paurajānapadāśca te ,
kiṁ nvidaṁ tviti vijñāya vismayaṁ paramaṁ gatāḥ.

16. putrāḥ dārāḥ ca bhṛtyāḥ ca paurajānapadāḥ ca te
kim nu idam tu iti vijñāya vismayam paramam gatāḥ

16. putrāḥ ca dārāḥ ca bhṛtyāḥ ca paurajānapadāḥ ca te
"kim nu idam tu" iti vijñāya paramam vismayam gatāḥ

16. His sons, wives, servants, and the citizens and country folk, realizing 'What indeed is this?', became greatly astonished.

Words meanings summery:

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - (his) sons (sons, children)

• दाराः (dārāḥ) - (his) wives (wives)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• भृत्याः (bhṛtyāḥ) - (his) servants (servants, dependents)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पौरजानपदाः (paurajānapadāḥ) - the citizens and country folk (citizens and country folk, urban and rural inhabitants)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• ते (te) - they (referring to the mentioned people) (they, those)

• किम् (kim) - what? (what?, why?, whether)

• नु (nu) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, now, then, surely)

• इदम् (idam) - this (situation) (this, this one)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

• इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of the thought/quote) (thus, in this manner, (quotation marker))

• विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - realizing (the situation) (having known, having understood, realizing)

• विस्मयम् (vismayam) - great astonishment (wonder, astonishment, surprise)

• परमम् (paramam) - great (astonishment) (supreme, highest, greatest, utmost)

• गताः (gatāḥ) - became (astonished) (gone, attained, reached, become)

Words meanings and morphology

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - (his) sons (sons, children)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Subject.

दाराः (dārāḥ) - (his) wives (wives)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dāra

dāra - wife (masculine noun, often used in plural for 'wives')

Root: dṛ

Note: Subject.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

भृत्याः (bhṛtyāḥ) - (his) servants (servants, dependents)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhṛtya

bhṛtya - servant, attendant, dependent

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from root bhṛ (to bear, nourish, maintain).

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Subject.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

पौरजानपदाः (paurajānapadāḥ) - the citizens and country folk (citizens and country folk, urban and rural inhabitants)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paurajānapada

paurajānapada - citizens and country folk, urban and rural people

Compound type : dvandva (paura+jānapada)

• paura – citizen, urban dweller
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from pura (city).
• jānapada – country folk, rural inhabitant
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from janapada (country, state).

Note: Subject.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - they (referring to the mentioned people) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the collective subjects.

किम् (kim) - what? (what?, why?, whether)

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Part of the quoted question.

नु (nu) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, now, then, surely)

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - this (situation) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Note: Part of the quoted question.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of the thought/quote) (thus, in this manner, (quotation marker))

(indeclinable)

Note: Quotation marker.

विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - realizing (the situation) (having known, having understood, realizing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Formed with prefix vi- and root jñā.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Denotes an action preceding the main verb.

विस्मयम् (vismayam) - great astonishment (wonder, astonishment, surprise)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vismaya

vismaya - wonder, astonishment, surprise, amazement

Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Object of gatāḥ (attained).

परमम् (paramam) - great (astonishment) (supreme, highest, greatest, utmost)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, greatest, utmost, chief

Superlative form.

Note: Agrees with vismayam.

गताः (gatāḥ) - became (astonished) (gone, attained, reached, become)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached, attained, become

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with putrāḥ, dārāḥ, bhṛtyāḥ, paurajānapadāḥ, te.