महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-12, verse-31

अहं राजाभवं विप्र तत्र पुत्रशतं मया ।
समुत्पन्नं सुरूपाणां विक्रान्तानां द्विजोत्तम ॥३१॥

31. ahaṁ rājābhavaṁ vipra tatra putraśataṁ mayā ,
samutpannaṁ surūpāṇāṁ vikrāntānāṁ dvijottama.

31. aham rājā abhavam vipra tatra putraśatam mayā
samutpannam surūpāṇām vikrāntānām dvijottama

31. vipra dvijottama aham rājā abhavam tatra mayā
surūpāṇām vikrāntānām putraśatam samutpannam

31. O brahmin, I was a king. There, a hundred handsome and valiant sons were born to me, O best among the twice-born.

Words meanings summery:

• अहम् (aham) - I

• राजा (rājā) - king

• अभवम् (abhavam) - I became, I was

• विप्र (vipra) - O brahmin, O sage

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• पुत्रशतम् (putraśatam) - a hundred sons (referring to the speaker's offspring) (a hundred sons)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• समुत्पन्नम् (samutpannam) - born, originated, produced

• सुरूपाणाम् (surūpāṇām) - of handsome ones, of beautiful forms

• विक्रान्तानाम् (vikrāntānām) - of valiant ones, of mighty ones

• द्विजोत्तम (dvijottama) - O best of the twice-born, O excellent brahmin

Words meanings and morphology

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

Note: First person singular nominative pronoun.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

अभवम् (abhavam) - I became, I was

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect tense, A-stem

Root `bhū`, 1st conjugation (bhvādi), active voice, imperfect tense, 1st person singular.

Root: bhū (class 1)

विप्र (vipra) - O brahmin, O sage

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - brahmin, sage, inspired

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Locative sense of 'tad'

पुत्रशतम् (putraśatam) - a hundred sons (referring to the speaker's offspring) (a hundred sons)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of putraśata

putraśata - a hundred sons

Compound type : dvigu (putra+śata)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• śata – a hundred
  noun (neuter)

Note: Can also be accusative singular. Here, nominative is more fitting with 'samutpannam'.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, me

Note: Used with passive construction ('were born to me' or 'by me').

समुत्पन्नम् (samutpannam) - born, originated, produced

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of samutpanna

samutpanna - born, produced, arisen

Past Passive Participle

From root `pad` with prefixes `sam` and `ud`. `sam-ud-pad` > `samutpanna`.

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `putraśatam`.

सुरूपाणाम् (surūpāṇām) - of handsome ones, of beautiful forms

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of surūpa

surūpa - handsome, beautiful, well-formed

Compound: `su` (good) + `rūpa` (form).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+rūpa)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• rūpa – form, shape, beauty, appearance
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `putraśatam` (as 'of sons') and `vikrāntānām`.

विक्रान्तानाम् (vikrāntānām) - of valiant ones, of mighty ones

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vikrānta

vikrānta - valiant, powerful, courageous, mighty

Past Passive Participle

From root `kram` (to step) with prefix `vi`. `vi-kram` > `vikrānta`.

Prefix: vi

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `putraśatam` (as 'of sons') and `surūpāṇām`.

द्विजोत्तम (dvijottama) - O best of the twice-born, O excellent brahmin

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijottama

dvijottama - best of the twice-born (brahmins, kshatriyas, vaishyas), excellent brahmin

Compound: `dvija` (twice-born) + `uttama` (best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+uttama)

• dvija – twice-born, brahmin, bird, tooth
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, excellent, highest
  adjective