महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-12, verse-37

इन्द्रं तु दृष्ट्वा राजर्षिः पादयोः शिरसा गतः ।
प्रसीद त्रिदशश्रेष्ठ पुत्रकामेन स क्रतुः ।
इष्टस्त्रिदशशार्दूल तत्र मे क्षन्तुमर्हसि ॥३७॥

37. indraṁ tu dṛṣṭvā rājarṣiḥ pādayoḥ śirasā gataḥ ,
prasīda tridaśaśreṣṭha putrakāmena sa kratuḥ ,
iṣṭastridaśaśārdūla tatra me kṣantumarhasi.

37. indram tu dṛṣṭvā rājarṣiḥ pādayoḥ
śirasā gataḥ prasīda tridaśaśreṣṭha
putrakāmena sa kratuḥ iṣṭaḥ
tridaśaśārdūla tatra me kṣantum arhasi

37. tu rājarṣiḥ indram dṛṣṭvā śirasā pādayoḥ gataḥ tridaśaśreṣṭha,
prasīda sa kratuḥ putrakāmena iṣṭaḥ tridaśaśārdūla,
tatra me kṣantum arhasi

37. But seeing Indra, the royal sage bowed his head at his feet and said: "Be gracious, O best of gods! That Vedic ritual (kratu) was performed by me desiring a son. O tiger among gods, you should forgive me for that."

Words meanings summery:

• इन्द्रम् (indram) - Indra (accusative)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - royal sage, kingly sage

• पादयोः (pādayoḥ) - at the feet of (dual locative/genitive)

• शिरसा (śirasā) - with the head, by the head (instrumental)

• गतः (gataḥ) - bowed (in reverence) (gone, approached, reached, bowed)

• प्रसीद (prasīda) - be gracious, be propitiated, be pleased

• त्रिदशश्रेष्ठ (tridaśaśreṣṭha) - O best of gods

• पुत्रकामेन (putrakāmena) - by me desiring a son (by one desiring a son, for the desire of a son)

• स (sa) - that (masculine nominative singular)

• क्रतुः (kratuḥ) - Vedic ritual (kratu) (Vedic ritual, determination, power)

• इष्टः (iṣṭaḥ) - performed (Vedic ritual), worshipped, desired

• त्रिदशशार्दूल (tridaśaśārdūla) - O tiger among gods, O excellent god

• तत्र (tatra) - for that (offence) (there, in that matter, for that reason)

• मे (me) - me (to me, for me, my (dative/genitive singular))

• क्षन्तुम् (kṣantum) - to forgive, to pardon, to be patient

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you deserve, you are able

Words meanings and morphology

इन्द्रम् (indram) - Indra (accusative)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā`.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

particle

Note: Conjunction.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root `dṛś` (to see) with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - royal sage, kingly sage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - royal sage, kingly sage

Compound of `rājan` (king) and `ṛṣi` (sage).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ

Note: Subject of the sentence.

पादयोः (pādayoḥ) - at the feet of (dual locative/genitive)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, dual of pāda

pāda - foot, leg

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Also genitive dual. 'at his two feet'.

शिरसा (śirasā) - with the head, by the head (instrumental)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

Root: śī

Note: 'bowed with his head'.

गतः (gataḥ) - bowed (in reverence) (gone, approached, reached, bowed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, moved, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

From root `gam` (to go), suffix -ta.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `rājarṣiḥ`.

प्रसीद (prasīda) - be gracious, be propitiated, be pleased

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of prasīd

Imperative

2nd person singular imperative active of root `sīd` (to sit) with prefix `pra-` (forth, forward).

Prefix: pra

Root: sīd (class 1)

त्रिदशश्रेष्ठ (tridaśaśreṣṭha) - O best of gods

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tridaśaśreṣṭha

tridaśaśreṣṭha - best of gods, chief of the gods

Compound of `tridaśa` (god, lit. 'three-tens') and `śreṣṭha` (best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tridaśa+śreṣṭha)

• tridaśa – god, deity, (lit. 'three times ten', referring to the 33 Vedic deities)
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of `praśasya` (praiseworthy).

Note: Addressing Indra.

पुत्रकामेन (putrakāmena) - by me desiring a son (by one desiring a son, for the desire of a son)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of putrakāma

putrakāma - desiring a son, wish for a son

Compound of `putra` (son) and `kāma` (desire).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+kāma)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pū (class 1)
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  From root `kam` (to desire).
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the sacrificer (implied 'by me desiring a son').

स (sa) - that (masculine nominative singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

masculine nominative singular form of `tad`.

Note: Refers to `kratuḥ`.

क्रतुः (kratuḥ) - Vedic ritual (kratu) (Vedic ritual, determination, power)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kratu

kratu - Vedic ritual, sacrifice, resolve, determination

From root `kṛ` (to do, to make), similar to `karma` (action).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of `iṣṭaḥ`.

इष्टः (iṣṭaḥ) - performed (Vedic ritual), worshipped, desired

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - worshipped, sacrificed, desired

Past Passive Participle

From root `yaj` (to sacrifice, worship) or `iṣ` (to desire), suffix -ta.

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `kratuḥ`.

त्रिदशशार्दूल (tridaśaśārdūla) - O tiger among gods, O excellent god

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tridaśaśārdūla

tridaśaśārdūla - tiger among gods (epithet for a great god), excellent among gods

Compound of `tridaśa` (god) and `śārdūla` (tiger).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tridaśa+śārdūla)

• tridaśa – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressing Indra.

तत्र (tatra) - for that (offence) (there, in that matter, for that reason)

(indeclinable)

Derived from `tad` (that) with suffix `tra`.

मे (me) - me (to me, for me, my (dative/genitive singular))

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: 'Forgive to me' or 'forgive me'.

क्षन्तुम् (kṣantum) - to forgive, to pardon, to be patient

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root `kṣam` (to be patient, to forgive).

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Used with `arhasi` (you ought).

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you deserve, you are able

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present indicative

2nd person singular present active of root `arh` (to be able, to deserve).

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Often used with an infinitive.