महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-253, verse-48

सागरानूपमाश्रित्य तपस्तप्तं त्वया महत् ।
न च धर्मस्य संज्ञां त्वं पुरा वेत्थ कथंचन ॥४८॥

48. sāgarānūpamāśritya tapastaptaṁ tvayā mahat ,
na ca dharmasya saṁjñāṁ tvaṁ purā vettha kathaṁcana.

48. sāgarānūpam āśritya tapas taptam tvayā mahat | na
ca dharmasya saṃjñām tvam purā vettha kathaṃcana

48. tvayā sāgarānūpam āśritya mahat tapas taptam ca
purā tvam dharmasya saṃjñām kathaṃcana na vettha

48. You performed great austerities (tapas) having settled in a coastal marshland. Yet, you had no comprehension whatsoever of natural law (dharma) before then.

Words meanings summery:

• सागरानूपम् (sāgarānūpam) - coastal marshland, seacoast region

• आश्रित्य (āśritya) - having resorted to, having taken refuge in, having settled in

• तपस् (tapas) - austerity, penance (tapas)

• तप्तम् (taptam) - performed, heated, practiced

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• महत् (mahat) - great, extensive

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of natural law (dharma), of duty, of righteousness

• संज्ञाम् (saṁjñām) - concept, definition, understanding

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, before, in the past

• वेत्थ (vettha) - you know

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - at all, in any way (with negation: not at all)

Words meanings and morphology

सागरानूपम् (sāgarānūpam) - coastal marshland, seacoast region

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sāgarānūpa

sāgarānūpa - coastal marshy land, a swamp near the sea

Compound type : tatpurusha (sāgara+anūpa)

• sāgara – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)
• anūpa – marshy land, watery region
  noun (neuter)

आश्रित्य (āśritya) - having resorted to, having taken refuge in, having settled in

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root śri (to resort to) with prefix ā + lyap suffix

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

तपस् (tapas) - austerity, penance (tapas)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

तप्तम् (taptam) - performed, heated, practiced

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapta

tapta - heated, burnt, practiced (of austerity)

Past Passive Participle

From root tap (to heat, perform austerity) + kta suffix

Root: tap (class 1)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

महत् (mahat) - great, extensive

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, important

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of natural law (dharma), of duty, of righteousness

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

संज्ञाम् (saṁjñām) - concept, definition, understanding

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of saṃjñā

saṁjñā - name, designation, concept, understanding, consciousness

Prefix: sam

Root: jñā (class 9)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

पुरा (purā) - formerly, before, in the past

(indeclinable)

वेत्थ (vettha) - you know

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (liṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - at all, in any way (with negation: not at all)

(indeclinable)