महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-253, verse-34

अथ ते दिवसं चारीं गत्वा सायं पुनर्नृप ।
उपावर्तन्त तत्रैव निवासार्थं शकुन्तकाः ॥३४॥

34. atha te divasaṁ cārīṁ gatvā sāyaṁ punarnṛpa ,
upāvartanta tatraiva nivāsārthaṁ śakuntakāḥ.

34. atha te divasam cārīm gatvā sāyam punar nṛpa
upāvartanta tatra eva nivāsārtham śakuntakāḥ

34. atha nṛpa,
te śakuntakāḥ divasam cārīm gatvā sāyam punar nivāsārtham tatra eva upāvartanta

34. Then, O King, after having spent the day wandering, those little birds (śakuntaka) would return again in the evening to that very place for dwelling.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thus

• ते (te) - the little birds (they)

• दिवसम् (divasam) - day, during the day

• चारीम् (cārīm) - day's wandering/activity (wandering, moving, roaming)

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, having departed

• सायम् (sāyam) - in the evening

• पुनर् (punar) - again, back

• नृप (nṛpa) - O King

• उपावर्तन्त (upāvartanta) - they returned, they came back

• तत्र (tatra) - their dwelling place (there, in that place)

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, very

• निवासार्थम् (nivāsārtham) - for the purpose of dwelling, for residence

• शकुन्तकाः (śakuntakāḥ) - little birds, young birds

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thus

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - the little birds (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine nominative plural form.

Note: Subject of `upāvartanta`.

दिवसम् (divasam) - day, during the day

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of divasa

divasa - day

Accusative singular, used adverbially to denote duration or time.

Root: div (class 1)

Note: Adverbial use.

चारीम् (cārīm) - day's wandering/activity (wandering, moving, roaming)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of cārin

cārin - moving, wandering, a wanderer

Agent Noun / Adjective

Derived from root `car` (to move, wander) with suffix `ṇin`. Feminine accusative singular.

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Adverbial accusative of manner, "wanderingly" or "a wandering".

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, having departed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Formed from root `gam` (to go) with suffix `tvā`.

Root: gam (class 1)

सायम् (sāyam) - in the evening

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use of noun `sāya`.

पुनर् (punar) - again, back

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies `upāvartanta`.

नृप (nṛpa) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

Vocative singular. Compound of `nṛ` (man) and `pa` (protector).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
  `nṛ` is a stem.
• pa – protector, preserver
  noun (masculine)
  From root `pā` (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

उपावर्तन्त (upāvartanta) - they returned, they came back

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperfect (Laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect (Laṅ)

3rd person plural, middle voice (Ātmanepada). Prefixes `upa` and `ā`.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - their dwelling place (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Derived from `tad` (that) + `tra` (locative suffix).

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, very

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

निवासार्थम् (nivāsārtham) - for the purpose of dwelling, for residence

(indeclinable)

Tatpurusha compound: `nivāsa` (dwelling) + `artha` (purpose). Accusative singular neuter used adverbially.

Compound type : tatpurusha (nivāsa+artha)

• nivāsa – dwelling, residence, abode
  noun (masculine)
  From root `vas` (to dwell) with prefix `ni`.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: vas (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)
  Root: arth (class 10)

शकुन्तकाः (śakuntakāḥ) - little birds, young birds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śakuntaka

śakuntaka - bird, small bird, young bird

Diminutive of `śakunta` (bird).

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Subject of `upāvartanta`.