महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-253, verse-15

सत्ये तपसि तिष्ठन्स न च धर्ममवैक्षत ।
वर्षास्वाकाशशायी स हेमन्ते जलसंश्रयः ॥१५॥

15. satye tapasi tiṣṭhansa na ca dharmamavaikṣata ,
varṣāsvākāśaśāyī sa hemante jalasaṁśrayaḥ.

15. satyē tapasi tiṣṭhan saḥ na ca dharmam avaikṣata
varṣāsu ākāśaśāyī saḥ hemante jalasaṃśrayaḥ

15. Remaining steadfast in truthfulness and austerity (tapas), he did not observe the natural law (dharma). In the rainy seasons, he slept under the open sky, and in winter, he resided in water.

Words meanings summery:

• सत्ये (satyē) - in truth, in truthfulness

• तपसि (tapasi) - in austerity, in penance

• तिष्ठन् (tiṣṭhan) - standing, remaining, practicing, being

• सः (saḥ) - he

• न (na) - not, nor

• च (ca) - and, also

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution

• अवैक्षत (avaikṣata) - he regarded, he considered, he observed

• वर्षासु (varṣāsu) - in the rainy seasons

• आकाशशायी (ākāśaśāyī) - sleeping in the open sky, one who sleeps in the sky

• सः (saḥ) - he

• हेमन्ते (hemante) - in winter

• जलसंश्रयः (jalasaṁśrayaḥ) - taking refuge in water, dwelling in water

Words meanings and morphology

सत्ये (satyē) - in truth, in truthfulness

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, genuineness

तपसि (tapasi) - in austerity, in penance

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, spiritual discipline

तिष्ठन् (tiṣṭhan) - standing, remaining, practicing, being

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthā

sthā - to stand, to stay, to remain, to be

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Present Active Participle

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, duty, righteousness, virtue, constitution, essential quality

अवैक्षत (avaikṣata) - he regarded, he considered, he observed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of īkṣ

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

वर्षासु (varṣāsu) - in the rainy seasons

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of varṣā

varṣā - rain, rainy season

आकाशशायी (ākāśaśāyī) - sleeping in the open sky, one who sleeps in the sky

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ākāśaśāyin

ākāśaśāyin - sleeping in the open sky

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ākāśa+śāyin)

• ākāśa – sky, space, ether
  noun (masculine)
• śāyin – sleeping, lying down
  participle (masculine)
  Agent noun from √śī
  Root: śī (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

हेमन्ते (hemante) - in winter

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of hemanta

hemanta - winter, cold season

जलसंश्रयः (jalasaṁśrayaḥ) - taking refuge in water, dwelling in water

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jalasaṃśraya

jalasaṁśraya - refuge in water, dwelling in water

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jala+saṃśraya)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• saṃśraya – refuge, asylum, dwelling
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root śri with prefix saṃ
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śri (class 1)