महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-253, verse-37

कदाचिन्मासमात्रेण समुत्पत्य विहंगमाः ।
नैवागच्छंस्ततो राजन्प्रातिष्ठत स जाजलिः ॥३७॥

37. kadācinmāsamātreṇa samutpatya vihaṁgamāḥ ,
naivāgacchaṁstato rājanprātiṣṭhata sa jājaliḥ.

37. kadācit māsa-mātreṇa samutpatya vihaṅgamāḥ na
eva āgacchan tataḥ rājan prātiṣṭhata sa jājaliḥ

37. kadācit vihaṅgamāḥ māsa-mātreṇa samutpatya na
eva āgacchan tataḥ rājan saḥ jājaliḥ prātiṣṭhata

37. At one point, the birds flew away for as long as a month and did not return at all. Then, O King, Jājali himself set out.

Words meanings summery:

• कदाचित् (kadācit) - sometimes, at some time, ever

• मास-मात्रेण (māsa-mātreṇa) - by the measure of a month, for a month, for only a month

• समुत्पत्य (samutpatya) - having flown away, having arisen

• विहङ्गमाः (vihaṅgamāḥ) - birds, those who move in the sky

• न (na) - not, no

• एव (eva) - at all (emphasizing the negation) (indeed, only, exactly, just)

• आगच्छन् (āgacchan) - they came, they were coming

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there, therefore

• राजन् (rājan) - (addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra in the Mahābhārata) (O King!)

• प्रातिष्ठत (prātiṣṭhata) - he set out, he began to stand

• सः (saḥ) - Jājali (he, that (person))

• जाजलिः (jājaliḥ) - Jājali (a proper name)

Words meanings and morphology

कदाचित् (kadācit) - sometimes, at some time, ever

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from kadā (when) + cid (particle).

मास-मात्रेण (māsa-mātreṇa) - by the measure of a month, for a month, for only a month

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of māsa-mātra

māsa-mātra - consisting of a month, only a month

Tatpuruṣa compound or Karmadhāraya.

Compound type : tatpurusha (māsa+mātra)

• māsa – month
  noun (masculine)
  From root mā (to measure).
  Root: mā (class 2)
• mātra – measure, quantity, mere, only
  adjective/noun (neuter)
  From root mā (to measure) + suffix tra.
  Root: mā (class 2)

समुत्पत्य (samutpatya) - having flown away, having arisen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from sam-ud-pat + ya suffix.

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: pat (class 1)

विहङ्गमाः (vihaṅgamāḥ) - birds, those who move in the sky

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vihaṅgama

vihaṅgama - bird, one who moves in the air

Compound of viha (sky, bird) + gama (going).

Compound type : tatpurusha (viha+gama)

• viha – sky, atmosphere, bird
  noun (masculine)
  vi (prefix) + hā (to go, fly).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: hā (class 3)
• gama – going, moving, a goer
  noun (masculine)
  Noun derived from verb
  From root gam + suffix a.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of āgacchan.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

एव (eva) - at all (emphasizing the negation) (indeed, only, exactly, just)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

आगच्छन् (āgacchan) - they came, they were coming

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of ā-gam

Imperfect

3rd person plural imperfect Parasmaipada of gam with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there, therefore

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from tad + suffix tas.

राजन् (rājan) - (addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra in the Mahābhārata) (O King!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root rāj (to shine, rule) + suffix an.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: A common address in the Mahābhārata.

प्रातिष्ठत (prātiṣṭhata) - he set out, he began to stand

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (Laṅ) of pra-sthā

Imperfect

3rd person singular imperfect Ātmanepada of sthā with prefix pra. sthā takes augment i after pra in perfect and aorist, here i for ṣṭh.

Prefix: pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - Jājali (he, that (person))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

जाजलिः (jājaliḥ) - Jājali (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jājali

jājali - Jājali (name of a sage)

Note: Subject of prātiṣṭhata.