महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-253, verse-12

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
किं कृतं सुकृतं कर्म तात जाजलिना पुरा ।
येन सिद्धिं परां प्राप्तस्तन्नो व्याख्यातुमर्हसि ॥१२॥

12. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kiṁ kṛtaṁ sukṛtaṁ karma tāta jājalinā purā ,
yena siddhiṁ parāṁ prāptastanno vyākhyātumarhasi.

12. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca kim kṛtam sukṛtam karma tāta jājali-nā
purā yena siddhim parām prāptaḥ tat naḥ vyākhyātum arhasi

12. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca tāta purā jājali-nā yena parām siddhim
prāptaḥ kim sukṛtam karma kṛtam tat naḥ vyākhyātum arhasi

12. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "O father, what meritorious action (karma) was performed by Jājali in the past, by which he attained the highest spiritual perfection (siddhi)? You should explain that to us."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• किम् (kim) - what, which

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - performed (done, performed, made)

• सुकृतम् (sukṛtam) - meritorious (well-done, good, meritorious)

• कर्म (karma) - action (karma) (action, deed, ritual, fate (karma))

• तात (tāta) - O father (used as an address to Bhīṣma) (O father, dear one, my son)

• जाजलि-ना (jājali-nā) - by Jājali

• पुरा (purā) - previously, in the past (formerly, previously, in ancient times)

• येन (yena) - by which (deed) (by which, by whom)

• सिद्धिम् (siddhim) - spiritual perfection (siddhi) (perfection, accomplishment, success, supernatural power (siddhi))

• पराम् (parām) - highest, supreme (supreme, highest, excellent)

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - attained (attained, reached, obtained)

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the explanation) (that, therefore)

• नः (naḥ) - to us (to us, for us, our)

• व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain (to explain, to describe, to comment)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (to explain) (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest of the Pāṇḍavas)

Compound of yudhi (in battle) and sthira (firm)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense (Liṭ)

Irregular perfect form of root vac- (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Note: Interrogative pronoun, acting as an adjective to karma.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - performed (done, performed, made)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, deed, act

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṛ- (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies karma.

सुकृतम् (sukṛtam) - meritorious (well-done, good, meritorious)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukṛta

sukṛta - well-done, virtuous, meritorious deed, good act

Past Passive Participle

Compound of su- (good) and kṛta (done); derived from root kṛ- (to do)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+kṛta)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kṛ- (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies karma.

कर्म (karma) - action (karma) (action, deed, ritual, fate (karma))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, fate, consequence of actions (karma)

Derived from root kṛ- (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of the implied passive verb.

तात (tāta) - O father (used as an address to Bhīṣma) (O father, dear one, my son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, son, dear one (term of endearment, often used by younger to elder or vice versa)

Note: Address to Bhīṣma.

जाजलि-ना (jājali-nā) - by Jājali

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of jājali

jājali - Jājali (name of a sage)

Note: Agent in the passive construction "what was done by Jājali".

पुरा (purā) - previously, in the past (formerly, previously, in ancient times)

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

येन (yena) - by which (deed) (by which, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Refers to karma.

सिद्धिम् (siddhim) - spiritual perfection (siddhi) (perfection, accomplishment, success, supernatural power (siddhi))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of siddhi

siddhi - perfection, accomplishment, success, spiritual attainment, supernatural power (siddhi)

Derived from root sidh- (to succeed)

Root: sidh (class 1)

Note: Object of prāptaḥ.

पराम् (parām) - highest, supreme (supreme, highest, excellent)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent, other, distant

Note: Qualifies siddhim.

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - attained (attained, reached, obtained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - attained, reached, obtained, acquired

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root āp- (to obtain) with upasarga pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Refers to Jājali (implied).

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the explanation) (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of vyākhyātum arhasi.

नः (naḥ) - to us (to us, for us, our)

(pronoun)

plural of asmad

asmad - we, us

Note: Indirect object.

व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain (to explain, to describe, to comment)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root khyā- (to tell) with upasargas vi- and ā-

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Purpose infinitive.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (to explain) (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Tense (Laṭ)

Second person singular present active of root arh- (to be worthy)

Root: arh (class 1)