महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-253, verse-22

यदा स न चलत्येव स्थाणुभूतो महातपाः ।
ततस्तौ परिविश्वस्तौ सुखं तत्रोषतुस्तदा ॥२२॥

22. yadā sa na calatyeva sthāṇubhūto mahātapāḥ ,
tatastau pariviśvastau sukhaṁ tatroṣatustadā.

22. yadā saḥ na calati eva sthāṇubhūtaḥ mahātapāḥ
tataḥ tau pariviśvastau sukham tatra uṣatuḥ tadā

22. yadā saḥ mahātapāḥ sthāṇubhūtaḥ eva na calati,
tadā tataḥ tau pariviśvastau tatra sukham uṣatuḥ

22. When that great ascetic (tapasvin) remained utterly motionless like a tree-trunk, then those two birds, completely confident, lived there happily.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at what time

• सः (saḥ) - the ascetic (he, that)

• न (na) - not, no

• चलति (calati) - moves, stirs

• एव (eva) - used for emphasis, 'at all' (indeed, certainly, only, just)

• स्थाणुभूतः (sthāṇubhūtaḥ) - the ascetic who had become like a post (one who has become like a post/tree-trunk, motionless)

• महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - the great ascetic (of great austerity, performing great asceticism (tapas))

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• तौ (tau) - the pair of birds (those two, them (dual))

• परिविश्वस्तौ (pariviśvastau) - completely trusting, very confident

• सुखम् (sukham) - happily, comfortably, easily

• तत्र (tatra) - on his head/matted hair (there)

• उषतुः (uṣatuḥ) - they dwelt, they lived

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at what time

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - the ascetic (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

चलति (calati) - moves, stirs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of cal

Root: cal (class 1)

एव (eva) - used for emphasis, 'at all' (indeed, certainly, only, just)

(indeclinable)

स्थाणुभूतः (sthāṇubhūtaḥ) - the ascetic who had become like a post (one who has become like a post/tree-trunk, motionless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthāṇubhūta

sthāṇubhūta - become like a post or tree-trunk, motionless

compound of sthāṇu and bhūta

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sthāṇu+bhūta)

• sthāṇu – a post, a pillar, a tree-trunk
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)
• bhūta – become, been, past passive participle of bhū (to be)
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √bhū (to be)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - the great ascetic (of great austerity, performing great asceticism (tapas))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātapas

mahātapas - great ascetic (tapas), great austerity

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+tapas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• tapas – heat, austerity, asceticism (tapas)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: This word functions as a noun here, referring to 'the great ascetic'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

तौ (tau) - the pair of birds (those two, them (dual))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

परिविश्वस्तौ (pariviśvastau) - completely trusting, very confident

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of pariviśvasta

pariviśvasta - fully trusting, entirely confident, secure

Past Passive Participle

from pari-vi-śvas

Prefixes: pari+vi

Root: śvas (class 2)

सुखम् (sukham) - happily, comfortably, easily

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

तत्र (tatra) - on his head/matted hair (there)

(indeclinable)

उषतुः (uṣatuḥ) - they dwelt, they lived

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, perfect (lit) of vas

Root: vas (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)