महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-253, verse-13

भीष्म उवाच ।
अतीव तपसा युक्तो घोरेण स बभूव ह ।
नद्युपस्पर्शनरतः सायं प्रातर्महातपाः ॥१३॥

13. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atīva tapasā yukto ghoreṇa sa babhūva ha ,
nadyupasparśanarataḥ sāyaṁ prātarmahātapāḥ.

13. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atīva tapasā yuktaḥ ghoreṇa saḥ babhūva
ha nadī-upasparśana-rataḥ sāyam prātaḥ mahā-tapāḥ

13. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca saḥ atīva ghoreṇa tapasā yuktaḥ ha
babhūva sāyam prātaḥ nadī-upasparśana-rataḥ mahā-tapāḥ

13. Bhīṣma said: "Indeed, he was endowed with extremely severe asceticism (tapas). He was devoted to bathing in rivers both in the evening and in the morning, a great ascetic."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अतीव (atīva) - extremely (very much, exceedingly, extremely)

• तपसा (tapasā) - by asceticism (tapas) (by asceticism, by penance, by austerities (tapas))

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - endowed with (endowed with, engaged in, joined, connected, proper)

• घोरेण (ghoreṇa) - by severe (by terrible, by dreadful, by severe)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Jājali) (he, that)

• बभूव (babhūva) - was (was, became)

• ह (ha) - indeed (indeed, verily, surely)

• नदी-उपस्पर्शन-रतः (nadī-upasparśana-rataḥ) - devoted to bathing in rivers (devoted to touching/bathing in rivers)

• सायम् (sāyam) - in the evening

• प्रातः (prātaḥ) - in the morning, early

• महा-तपाः (mahā-tapāḥ) - great ascetic (great ascetic, one of great penance)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (a prominent character in the Mahābhārata)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense (Liṭ)

Irregular perfect form of root vac- (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

अतीव (atīva) - extremely (very much, exceedingly, extremely)

(indeclinable)

Compound of ati- (beyond, very) and iva (like, as if)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (ati+iva)

• ati – beyond, over, very, excessive
  indeclinable
• iva – like, as, as if
  indeclinable

Note: Adverb modifying tapasā and yuktaḥ.

तपसा (tapasā) - by asceticism (tapas) (by asceticism, by penance, by austerities (tapas))

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, austerity, heat, spiritual fervor (tapas)

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Accompanies yuktaḥ.

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - endowed with (endowed with, engaged in, joined, connected, proper)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, united, endowed with, engaged in, proper, concentrated in yoga (yoga)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yuj- (to join, to yoke, to concentrate)

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies saḥ.

घोरेण (ghoreṇa) - by severe (by terrible, by dreadful, by severe)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, fearful, severe, intense

Note: Qualifies tapasā.

सः (saḥ) - he (Jājali) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Jājali.

बभूव (babhūva) - was (was, became)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect Tense (Liṭ)

Reduplicated perfect form of root bhū- (to be)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Copula, links subject to predicate yuktaḥ.

ह (ha) - indeed (indeed, verily, surely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

नदी-उपस्पर्शन-रतः (nadī-upasparśana-rataḥ) - devoted to bathing in rivers (devoted to touching/bathing in rivers)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nadī-upasparśana-rata

nadī-upasparśana-rata - devoted to touching rivers, fond of bathing in rivers

Compound of nadī (river), upasparśana (touching/bathing), and rata (devoted)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nadī+upasparśana+rata)

• nadī – river
  noun (feminine)
• upasparśana – touching, bathing, ceremonial ablution
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root spṛś- (to touch) with upasarga upa-
  Prefix: upa
  Root: spṛś (class 6)
• rata – devoted, attached, engaged in, fond of
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ram- (to delight in)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Jājali (implied subject).

सायम् (sāyam) - in the evening

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

प्रातः (prātaḥ) - in the morning, early

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

महा-तपाः (mahā-tapāḥ) - great ascetic (great ascetic, one of great penance)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahā-tapas

mahā-tapas - one who performs great penance/asceticism (tapas)

Bahuvrīhi compound: one whose tapas (penance) is mahā (great)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+tapas)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
• tapas – asceticism, penance, austerity (tapas)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Jājali (implied subject).