महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-15, verse-41

न चोष्ट्रा न बलीवर्दा नाश्वाश्वतरगर्दभाः ।
युक्ता वहेयुर्यानानि यदि दण्डो न पालयेत् ॥४१॥

41. na coṣṭrā na balīvardā nāśvāśvataragardabhāḥ ,
yuktā vaheyuryānāni yadi daṇḍo na pālayet.

41. na ca uṣṭrāḥ na balīvardāḥ na aśvāśvataragardabhāḥ
yuktāḥ vaheyuḥ yānāni yadi daṇḍaḥ na pālayet

41. yadi daṇḍaḥ na pālayet uṣṭrāḥ ca na balīvardāḥ
na aśvāśvataragardabhāḥ yuktāḥ yānāni na vaheyuḥ

41. Neither camels, nor oxen, nor horses, mules, or donkeys would be yoked to pull carts (yāna), if the law (daṇḍa) did not offer protection.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• उष्ट्राः (uṣṭrāḥ) - camels

• न (na) - not, no

• बलीवर्दाः (balīvardāḥ) - oxen, bulls

• न (na) - not, no

• अश्वाश्वतरगर्दभाः (aśvāśvataragardabhāḥ) - horses, mules, and donkeys (collective)

• युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - yoked, harnessed, joined

• वहेयुः (vaheyuḥ) - they would carry, they would pull

• यानानि (yānāni) - vehicles, conveyances, carts

• यदि (yadi) - if

• दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - the enforcing power of the state or law (punishment, rod, staff, rule, law, authority)

• न (na) - not, no

• पालयेत् (pālayet) - would protect, would govern, would maintain

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

उष्ट्राः (uṣṭrāḥ) - camels

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of uṣṭra

uṣṭra - camel

Note: Subject of 'vaheyuḥ'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

बलीवर्दाः (balīvardāḥ) - oxen, bulls

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of balīvardā

balīvardā - ox, bull

Note: Subject of 'vaheyuḥ'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अश्वाश्वतरगर्दभाः (aśvāśvataragardabhāḥ) - horses, mules, and donkeys (collective)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aśvāśvataragardabha

aśvāśvataragardabha - horses, mules, and donkeys (collective)

Compound type : dvandva (aśva+aśvatara+gardabha)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• aśvatara – mule
  noun (masculine)
• gardabha – donkey, ass
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'vaheyuḥ'.

युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - yoked, harnessed, joined

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yukta

yukta - yoked, joined, harnessed, connected, engaged

Past Passive Participle

from root yuj (to yoke, join)

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'uṣṭrāḥ', 'balīvardāḥ', 'aśvāśvataragardabhāḥ'.

वहेयुः (vaheyuḥ) - they would carry, they would pull

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vah

Root: vah (class 1)

यानानि (yānāni) - vehicles, conveyances, carts

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of yāna

yāna - vehicle, conveyance, cart

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Object of 'vaheyuḥ'.

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - the enforcing power of the state or law (punishment, rod, staff, rule, law, authority)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - rod, staff, punishment, chastisement, dominion, authority, law

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

पालयेत् (pālayet) - would protect, would govern, would maintain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pāl

Causative of root 'pā' (to protect) or denominal from 'pāla' (protector)

Root: pāl (class 10)