महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-15, verse-40

चरेयुर्नाश्रमे धर्मं यथोक्तं विधिमाश्रिताः ।
न विद्यां प्राप्नुयात्कश्चिद्यदि दण्डो न पालयेत् ॥४०॥

40. careyurnāśrame dharmaṁ yathoktaṁ vidhimāśritāḥ ,
na vidyāṁ prāpnuyātkaścidyadi daṇḍo na pālayet.

40. careyuḥ na āśrame dharmam yathā uktam vidhim āśritāḥ
na vidyām prāpnuyāt kaścit yadi daṇḍaḥ na pālayet

40. yadi daṇḍaḥ na pālayet āśritāḥ āśrame yathoktam
vidhim dharmam na careyuḥ kaścit vidyām na prāpnuyāt

40. People would not practice their prescribed duties (dharma) in their respective stages of life (āśrama), nor would anyone acquire knowledge, if the law (daṇḍa) did not offer protection.

Words meanings summery:

• चरेयुः (careyuḥ) - they would perform (their duties) (they would perform, they would follow, they would move)

• न (na) - not, no

• आश्रमे (āśrame) - in their respective stages of life (āśrama) (in the āśrama, in the stage of life, in the hermitage)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - their prescribed duties (dharma) (duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature (dharma))

• यथा (yathā) - as, according to

• उक्तम् (uktam) - said, spoken, prescribed

• विधिम् (vidhim) - rule, ordinance, method, sacred precept

• आश्रिताः (āśritāḥ) - following (the prescribed rules) (having resorted to, depending on, following, taking refuge in)

• न (na) - not, no

• विद्याम् (vidyām) - knowledge, learning

• प्राप्नुयात् (prāpnuyāt) - would obtain, would acquire

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone, anyone

• यदि (yadi) - if

• दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - the enforcing power of the state or law (punishment, rod, staff, rule, law, authority)

• न (na) - not, no

• पालयेत् (pālayet) - would protect, would govern, would maintain

Words meanings and morphology

चरेयुः (careyuḥ) - they would perform (their duties) (they would perform, they would follow, they would move)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of car

Root: car (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आश्रमे (āśrame) - in their respective stages of life (āśrama) (in the āśrama, in the stage of life, in the hermitage)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āśrama

āśrama - hermitage, monastic retreat, stage of life, order (as in social order)

Prefix: ā

Root: śram (class 4)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - their prescribed duties (dharma) (duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature (dharma))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - duty, righteousness, law, virtue, intrinsic nature, constitution, natural law

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'careyuḥ'.

यथा (yathā) - as, according to

(indeclinable)

Note: Part of the compound 'yathoktam'.

उक्तम् (uktam) - said, spoken, prescribed

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, prescribed

Past Passive Participle

from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Part of the compound 'yathoktam'.

विधिम् (vidhim) - rule, ordinance, method, sacred precept

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vidhi

vidhi - rule, precept, ordinance, method, injunction

Root: dhā (class 3)

आश्रिताः (āśritāḥ) - following (the prescribed rules) (having resorted to, depending on, following, taking refuge in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āśrita

āśrita - resorted to, dependent on, supported by, follower

Past Passive Participle

from root śri with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Refers to the implied subject 'people'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

विद्याम् (vidyām) - knowledge, learning

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning, science

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Object of 'prāpnuyāt'.

प्राप्नुयात् (prāpnuyāt) - would obtain, would acquire

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of prāp

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone, anyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścit

kaścit - someone, anyone, a certain

indefinite pronoun from kim + cit

Note: Subject of 'prāpnuyāt'.

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - the enforcing power of the state or law (punishment, rod, staff, rule, law, authority)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - rod, staff, punishment, chastisement, dominion, authority, law

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

पालयेत् (pālayet) - would protect, would govern, would maintain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pāl

Causative of root 'pā' (to protect) or denominal from 'pāla' (protector)

Root: pāl (class 10)