महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-15, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
याज्ञसेन्या वचः श्रुत्वा पुनरेवार्जुनोऽब्रवीत् ।
अनुमान्य महाबाहुं ज्येष्ठं भ्रातरमीश्वरम् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
yājñasenyā vacaḥ śrutvā punarevārjuno'bravīt ,
anumānya mahābāhuṁ jyeṣṭhaṁ bhrātaramīśvaram.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca yājñasenyāḥ vacaḥ śrutvā punaḥ eva
arjunaḥ abravīt anumānya mahābāhum jyeṣṭham bhrātaram īśvaram

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca yājñasenyāḥ vacaḥ śrutvā mahābāhum
jyeṣṭham īśvaram bhrātaram anumānya arjunaḥ punaḥ eva abravīt

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Having heard Yājñasenī's words, Arjuna spoke once more, having first obtained the permission of his mighty-armed, elder brother, the lord (Yudhiṣṭhira).

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of Mahābhārata))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• याज्ञसेन्याः (yājñasenyāḥ) - of Yājñasenī (Draupadī) (of Yājñasenī, of Draupadī)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - words, speech (word, speech, utterance)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (having heard, having listened)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - once more, again (again, once more, moreover)

• एव (eva) - indeed (emphasizing 'again') (indeed, only, just, quite)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (a Pandava brother))

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• अनुमान्य (anumānya) - having obtained permission from (having obtained permission, having honored, having respected)

• महाबाहुम् (mahābāhum) - mighty-armed

• ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - elder (brother) (elder, eldest, greatest)

• भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother

• ईश्वरम् (īśvaram) - the lord (lord, master, capable, powerful)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of Mahābhārata))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa, narrator of the Mahābhārata

A patronymic.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root `vac` in perfect tense (liṭ lakāra).

Root: vac (class 2)

याज्ञसेन्याः (yājñasenyāḥ) - of Yājñasenī (Draupadī) (of Yājñasenī, of Draupadī)

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of yājñasenī

yājñasenī - name of Draupadī (daughter of Drupada, born from a yajña)

Feminine name, derived from `yajñasena` (another name for Drupada). `ī`-stem declension.

वचः (vacaḥ) - words, speech (word, speech, utterance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, utterance, saying

`as`-stem neuter noun. From root `vac`.

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (having heard, having listened)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root `śru` (to hear) with suffix `-tvā`.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

पुनः (punaḥ) - once more, again (again, once more, moreover)

(indeclinable)

The final `r` changes to `ḥ` before voiceless consonants or at sentence end.

एव (eva) - indeed (emphasizing 'again') (indeed, only, just, quite)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (a Pandava brother))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - white, clear, (name of) Arjuna

Root: ṛj (class 1)

Note: Subject of `abravīt`.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect past tense, 3rd person singular

Root `brū` (or `vac`), augment `a-` for imperfect (laṅ lakāra).

Root: brū (class 2)

अनुमान्य (anumānya) - having obtained permission from (having obtained permission, having honored, having respected)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root `man` (to think, respect) with prefix `anu`, and suffix `ya` (for absolutive after prefix). Used with accusative for the object.

Prefix: anu

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

महाबाहुम् (mahābāhum) - mighty-armed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, strong-armed (epithet of heroes)

Bahuvrīhi compound: `mahā` (great) + `bāhu` (arm).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  Feminine form of `mahat`.
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - elder (brother) (elder, eldest, greatest)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, senior, principal, best

Superlative of `vr̥ddha` (old).

भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother, kinsman

`ṛ`-stem declension.

Root: bhra

Note: Object of `anumānya`.

ईश्वरम् (īśvaram) - the lord (lord, master, capable, powerful)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of īśvara

īśvara - lord, master, controller, supreme being, powerful, able

From root `īś` (to rule, be master).

Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Another epithet for the brother.