महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-15, verse-24

विनीतक्रोधहर्षा हि मन्दा वनमुपाश्रिताः ।
विना वधं न कुर्वन्ति तापसाः प्राणयापनम् ॥२४॥

24. vinītakrodhaharṣā hi mandā vanamupāśritāḥ ,
vinā vadhaṁ na kurvanti tāpasāḥ prāṇayāpanam.

24. vinītakrodhaharṣāḥ hi mandāḥ vanam upāśritāḥ
| vinā vadham na kurvanti tāpasāḥ prāṇayāpanam

24. hi vinītakrodhaharṣāḥ mandāḥ vanam upāśritāḥ
tāpasāḥ vadham vinā prāṇayāpanam na kurvanti

24. Indeed, the gentle ascetics, who have subdued their anger and joy and who reside in the forest, do not sustain their lives without some form of killing.

Words meanings summery:

• विनीतक्रोधहर्षाः (vinītakrodhaharṣāḥ) - those whose anger and joy are controlled (whose anger and joy are subdued)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, certainly, for, because)

• मन्दाः (mandāḥ) - gentle, mild (slow, dull, gentle, inactive)

• वनम् (vanam) - forest (forest, wood, grove)

• उपाश्रिताः (upāśritāḥ) - who reside in (the forest) (resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on, residing in)

• विना (vinā) - without (without, except)

• वधम् (vadham) - killing (of living beings) (killing, slaughter, destruction)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - they perform (they do, they make, they perform)

• तापसाः (tāpasāḥ) - ascetics, forest-dwelling hermits (ascetics, hermits)

• प्राणयापनम् (prāṇayāpanam) - the maintenance of life, living (sustenance of life, maintaining life)

Words meanings and morphology

विनीतक्रोधहर्षाः (vinītakrodhaharṣāḥ) - those whose anger and joy are controlled (whose anger and joy are subdued)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vinītakrodhaharṣa

vinītakrodhaharṣa - whose anger and joy are subdued

Bahuvrihi compound: vinīta (subdued) + krodha (anger) + harṣa (joy)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vinīta+krodha+harṣa)

• vinīta – subdued, disciplined, modest, humble
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root nī with prefix vi-
  Prefix: vi
  Root: nī (class 1)
• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  Root: krudh (class 4)
• harṣa – joy, delight, pleasure
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tāpasāḥ

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, certainly, for, because)

(indeclinable)

मन्दाः (mandāḥ) - gentle, mild (slow, dull, gentle, inactive)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manda

manda - slow, dull, gentle, mild, inactive

Root: mand (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tāpasāḥ

वनम् (vanam) - forest (forest, wood, grove)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, water

Note: Object of upāśritāḥ

उपाश्रिताः (upāśritāḥ) - who reside in (the forest) (resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on, residing in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of upāśrita

upāśrita - resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on, dwelling in

Past Passive Participle

From root śri with prefixes upa- and ā-

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tāpasāḥ

विना (vinā) - without (without, except)

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs vadham (accusative)

वधम् (vadham) - killing (of living beings) (killing, slaughter, destruction)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaughter, striking, destruction

From root vadh (to strike, kill)

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Object of vinā

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates kurvanti

कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - they perform (they do, they make, they perform)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject is tāpasāḥ

तापसाः (tāpasāḥ) - ascetics, forest-dwelling hermits (ascetics, hermits)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāpasa

tāpasa - ascetic, hermit, practicing austerity (tapas)

From tapas (austerity) with suffix -a

Note: Subject of kurvanti

प्राणयापनम् (prāṇayāpanam) - the maintenance of life, living (sustenance of life, maintaining life)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prāṇayāpana

prāṇayāpana - sustaining life, means of livelihood

Compound of prāṇa (life-breath) and yāpana (passing, leading, maintaining)

Compound type : tatpurusha (prāṇa+yāpana)

• prāṇa – life-breath, vital air, life, spirit
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: an (class 2)
• yāpana – passing, leading (of life), maintaining, supporting
  noun (neuter)
  Verbal noun
  From root yā (to go, pass) with causative suffix and -ana
  Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Object of kurvanti