महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-15, verse-37

न ब्रह्मचार्यधीयीत कल्याणी गौर्न दुह्यते ।
न कन्योद्वहनं गच्छेद्यदि दण्डो न पालयेत् ॥३७॥

37. na brahmacāryadhīyīta kalyāṇī gaurna duhyate ,
na kanyodvahanaṁ gacchedyadi daṇḍo na pālayet.

37. na brahmacārī adhīyīta kalyāṇī gauḥ na duhuyate
na kanyā udvahanam gacchet yadi daṇḍaḥ na pālayet

37. yadi daṇḍaḥ na pālayet brahmacārī na adhīyīta
kalyāṇī gauḥ na duhuyate kanyā na udvahanam gacchet

37. A student (brahmacārī) would not study, an auspicious cow would not be milked, and a maiden would not go to marriage if punishment (daṇḍa) did not protect.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not

• ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - a student (brahmacārī) (a religious student, celibate student)

• अधीयीत (adhīyīta) - would study (he would study, he should study)

• कल्याणी (kalyāṇī) - auspicious (auspicious, blessed, beautiful, excellent)

• गौः (gauḥ) - cow (cow, ox, bull, earth, light)

• न (na) - not

• दुहुयते (duhuyate) - would be milked (is milked, would be milked)

• न (na) - not

• कन्या (kanyā) - a maiden (maiden, girl, daughter)

• उद्वहनम् (udvahanam) - marriage (marriage, leading away, carrying up)

• गच्छेत् (gacchet) - would go (she would go, she should go)

• यदि (yadi) - if

• दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment (daṇḍa) (punishment, rod of justice)

• न (na) - not

• पालयेत् (pālayet) - would protect/govern (would protect, should protect, would govern)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negation particle

Note: Negates adhīyīta.

ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - a student (brahmacārī) (a religious student, celibate student)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahmacārin

brahmacārin - one who observes celibacy, religious student, ascetic

Compound of brahman (Vedic knowledge/Brahman) and cārin (practitioner, follower).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+cārin)

• brahman – Vedic knowledge, sacred utterance, the Absolute, the ultimate reality
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bṛh (class 1)
• cārin – moving, walking, practicing, following
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/Adjective from root car
  Suffix -in added to root car
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Subject of adhīyīta.

अधीयीत (adhīyīta) - would study (he would study, he should study)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of adhī

Optative mood, middle voice, 3rd person singular

From verb root i with upasarga adhi

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

कल्याणी (kalyāṇī) - auspicious (auspicious, blessed, beautiful, excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kalyāṇa

kalyāṇa - auspicious, blessed, beautiful, excellent, good fortune

Feminine form of kalyāṇa

गौः (gauḥ) - cow (cow, ox, bull, earth, light)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of go

go - cow, ox, bull, earth, light, ray

Note: Subject of duhuyate.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negation particle

Note: Negates duhuyate.

दुहुयते (duhuyate) - would be milked (is milked, would be milked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of duh

Present passive, 3rd person singular

Root duh, passive conjugation. The present passive verb is used here in a conditional sense (would not be milked).

Root: duh (class 2)

Note: The present passive verb is used here in a conditional sense (would not be milked).

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negation particle

Note: Negates gacchet.

कन्या (kanyā) - a maiden (maiden, girl, daughter)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kanyā

kanyā - girl, maiden, daughter, virgin

Note: Subject of gacchet.

उद्वहनम् (udvahanam) - marriage (marriage, leading away, carrying up)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of udvahana

udvahana - carrying away, marriage, supporting, raising

From verb root vah with upasarga ud.

Prefix: ud

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Object of gacchet.

गच्छेत् (gacchet) - would go (she would go, she should go)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of gam

Optative mood, active voice, 3rd person singular

Root gam (gacch-stem) in optative form.

Root: gam (class 1)

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

Conditional particle

Note: Introduces the conditional clause.

दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment (daṇḍa) (punishment, rod of justice)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - staff, rod, punishment, scepter, authority, fine

Note: Subject of pālayet.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negation particle

Note: Negates pālayet.

पालयेत् (pālayet) - would protect/govern (would protect, should protect, would govern)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pāl

Optative mood, active voice, 3rd person singular

From verb root pāl (a denominative from pāla, protector) or a primary root.

Root: pāl (class 10)