महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-120, verse-53

प्रीतिप्रवृत्तौ विनिवर्तने तथा सुहृत्सु विज्ञाय निवृत्य चोभयोः ।
यदेव मित्रं गुरुभारमावहेत्तदेव सुस्निग्धमुदाहरेद्बुधः ॥५३॥

53. prītipravṛttau vinivartane tathā; suhṛtsu vijñāya nivṛtya cobhayoḥ ,
yadeva mitraṁ gurubhāramāvahe;ttadeva susnigdhamudāharedbudhaḥ.

53. prītipravṛttau vinivartane tathā
suhṛtsu vijñāya nivṛtya ca ubhayoḥ
yat eva mitram gurubhāram āvahet
tat eva susnigdham udāharet budhaḥ

53. budhaḥ prītipravṛttau tathā
vinivartane ca ubhayoḥ suhṛtsu vijñāya
nivṛtya yat eva mitram gurubhāram
āvahet tat eva susnigdham udāharet

53. A wise person, having thoroughly understood the nature of both forming and ending friendships, and discerning among friends, should consider as truly dear and affectionate precisely that friend who bears a heavy burden.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रीतिप्रवृत्तौ (prītipravṛttau) - in forming friendships (in the commencement of affection, in the beginning of friendship)

• विनिवर्तने (vinivartane) - in ending friendships (in cessation, in ending, in turning back)

• तथा (tathā) - and (thus, so, similarly)

• सुहृत्सु (suhṛtsu) - among friends

• विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having thoroughly understood (having known, having understood, having discerned)

• निवृत्य (nivṛtya) - and discerning (having turned back, having ceased, having decided)

• च (ca) - and, also

• उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both (cases) (of both, in both)

• यत् (yat) - precisely that (friend) who (which, what)

• एव (eva) - precisely (indeed, only, just, exactly)

• मित्रम् (mitram) - friend, companion

• गुरुभारम् (gurubhāram) - heavy burden, great responsibility

• आवहेत् (āvahet) - should bear, should carry

• तत् (tat) - that (friend) (that)

• एव (eva) - precisely (indeed, only, just, exactly)

• सुस्निग्धम् (susnigdham) - truly dear and affectionate (very affectionate, very kind, very smooth)

• उदाहरेत् (udāharet) - should consider/declare (one should declare, one should say, one should mention)

• बुधः (budhaḥ) - wise person, learned one

Words meanings and morphology

प्रीतिप्रवृत्तौ (prītipravṛttau) - in forming friendships (in the commencement of affection, in the beginning of friendship)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of prītipravṛtti

prītipravṛtti - commencement of affection, engagement in love

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prīti+pravṛtti)

• prīti – affection, love, joy, pleasure
  noun (feminine)
• pravṛtti – commencement, activity, engagement, course
  noun (feminine)
  From pra-vṛt (to turn forward, commence).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

विनिवर्तने (vinivartane) - in ending friendships (in cessation, in ending, in turning back)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vinivartana

vinivartana - cessation, turning back, withdrawal, bringing to an end

From vi-ni-vṛt (to turn back, to cease).

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - and (thus, so, similarly)

(indeclinable)

सुहृत्सु (suhṛtsu) - among friends

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of suhṛd

suhṛd - friend, well-wisher, good-hearted

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+hṛd)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix.
• hṛd – heart, mind, soul
  noun (neuter)

विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having thoroughly understood (having known, having understood, having discerned)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed with prefix vi and root jñā, and suffix -ya.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Absolutive/Gerund.

निवृत्य (nivṛtya) - and discerning (having turned back, having ceased, having decided)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed with prefix ni and root vṛt, and suffix -ya.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Absolutive/Gerund.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both (cases) (of both, in both)

(pronoun)

Genitive, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Note: Refers to 'prītipravṛtti' and 'vinivartana' (forming and ending friendships).

यत् (yat) - precisely that (friend) who (which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Relative pronoun.

एव (eva) - precisely (indeed, only, just, exactly)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Emphatic particle.

मित्रम् (mitram) - friend, companion

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mitra

mitra - friend, companion, ally, the Sun

गुरुभारम् (gurubhāram) - heavy burden, great responsibility

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gurubhāra

gurubhāra - heavy burden, great responsibility

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+bhāra)

• guru – heavy, weighty, important, venerable, teacher (guru)
  adjective (masculine)
• bhāra – burden, load, weight, responsibility
  noun (masculine)

आवहेत् (āvahet) - should bear, should carry

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of ā-vah

Prefix: ā

Root: vah (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that (friend) (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

एव (eva) - precisely (indeed, only, just, exactly)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Emphatic particle.

सुस्निग्धम् (susnigdham) - truly dear and affectionate (very affectionate, very kind, very smooth)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of susnigdha

susnigdha - very affectionate, very kind, exceedingly loving, very smooth

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+snigdha)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix, indicating excellence or intensity.
• snigdha – affectionate, kind, smooth, oily
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root snih (to be affectionate).
  Root: snih (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'mitram' (accusative singular neuter).

उदाहरेत् (udāharet) - should consider/declare (one should declare, one should say, one should mention)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of ud-ā-hṛ

From root hṛ with prefixes ud and ā.

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

बुधः (budhaḥ) - wise person, learned one

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of budha

budha - wise, learned, intelligent person, planet Mercury

From root budh (to know, to awaken).

Root: budh (class 1)