महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-120, verse-40

बुद्धिर्दीप्ता बलवन्तं हिनस्ति बलं बुद्ध्या वर्धते पाल्यमानम् ।
शत्रुर्बुद्ध्या सीदते वर्धमानो बुद्धेः पश्चात्कर्म यत्तत्प्रशस्तम् ॥४०॥

40. buddhirdīptā balavantaṁ hinasti; balaṁ buddhyā vardhate pālyamānam ,
śatrurbuddhyā sīdate vardhamāno; buddheḥ paścātkarma yattatpraśastam.

40. buddhiḥ dīptā balavantam hinasti
balam buddhyā vardhate pālyamānam
śatruḥ buddhyā sīdate vardhamānaḥ
buddheḥ paścāt karma yat tat praśastam

40. dīptā buddhiḥ balavantam hinasti
buddhyā pālyamānam balam vardhate
buddhyā vardhamānaḥ śatruḥ sīdate
yat karma buddheḥ paścāt tat praśastam

40. Sharp intelligence destroys even the strong. Strength, when nurtured, grows through intelligence. An enemy, even while flourishing, declines due to intelligence. Any action (karma) undertaken after careful consideration is considered excellent.

Words meanings summery:

• बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intelligence (intellect, understanding, intelligence, discernment)

• दीप्ता (dīptā) - sharp (shining, blazing, inflamed, sharp, keen, illuminated)

• बलवन्तम् (balavantam) - the strong, the powerful one

• हिनस्ति (hinasti) - destroys (injures, harms, destroys, afflicts)

• बलम् (balam) - strength, power, might, force

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intelligence, through discernment

• वर्धते (vardhate) - grows (grows, increases, prospers)

• पाल्यमानम् (pālyamānam) - being nurtured (being protected, being nourished, being sustained)

• शत्रुः (śatruḥ) - enemy, foe

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intelligence, through discernment

• सीदते (sīdate) - declines (sinks, languishes, declines, becomes weary)

• वर्धमानः (vardhamānaḥ) - flourishing, growing (growing, increasing, prospering, flourishing)

• बुद्धेः (buddheḥ) - of intelligence, from intelligence

• पश्चात् (paścāt) - after, subsequently (meaning 'preceded by') (after, behind, subsequently, western (as adjective))

• कर्म (karma) - action (karma) (action, deed, work, ritual action, fate)

• यत् (yat) - whatever (which, whatever, that)

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the action) (that, it, he/she/it)

• प्रशस्तम् (praśastam) - excellent, commendable (praised, excellent, commendable, auspicious)

Words meanings and morphology

बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intelligence (intellect, understanding, intelligence, discernment)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, intelligence, discernment, perception, reason

From root `budh` (to awaken, know) + `kti` suffix.

Root: budh (class 1)

दीप्ता (dīptā) - sharp (shining, blazing, inflamed, sharp, keen, illuminated)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dīpta

dīpta - lit, shining, blazing, inflamed, keen, sharp, splendid

Past Passive Participle

From root `dīp` (to shine, blaze) + `kta` suffix.

Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `buddhiḥ`.

बलवन्तम् (balavantam) - the strong, the powerful one

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of balavat

balavat - strong, powerful, mighty, vigorous

From `bala` (strength) + `matup` suffix.

Note: Used as a substantive, meaning 'the strong person/being'.

हिनस्ति (hinasti) - destroys (injures, harms, destroys, afflicts)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

Present Active

Root `han`, class 2, reduplicated.

Root: han (class 2)

बलम् (balam) - strength, power, might, force

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, might, force, army

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intelligence, through discernment

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, intelligence, discernment, perception, reason

From root `budh` (to awaken, know) + `kti` suffix.

Root: budh (class 1)

वर्धते (vardhate) - grows (grows, increases, prospers)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛdh

Present Middle

Root `vṛdh`, class 1, middle voice.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

पाल्यमानम् (pālyamānam) - being nurtured (being protected, being nourished, being sustained)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pālyamāna

pālyamāna - being protected, being nourished, being sustained, being guarded

Present Passive Participle

From root `pāl` (to protect, nourish) + `śānac` suffix.

Root: pāl (class 10)

शत्रुः (śatruḥ) - enemy, foe

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intelligence, through discernment

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, intelligence, discernment, perception, reason

From root `budh` (to awaken, know) + `kti` suffix.

Root: budh (class 1)

सीदते (sīdate) - declines (sinks, languishes, declines, becomes weary)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of sad

Present Middle

Root `sad`, class 1, middle voice.

Root: sad (class 1)

वर्धमानः (vardhamānaḥ) - flourishing, growing (growing, increasing, prospering, flourishing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vardhamāna

vardhamāna - growing, increasing, prospering, thriving, flourishing

Present Middle Participle

From root `vṛdh` (to grow) + `śānac` suffix.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

बुद्धेः (buddheḥ) - of intelligence, from intelligence

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, intelligence, discernment, perception, reason

From root `budh` (to awaken, know) + `kti` suffix.

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Also can be ablative; contextually 'of intelligence'.

पश्चात् (paścāt) - after, subsequently (meaning 'preceded by') (after, behind, subsequently, western (as adjective))

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form from `paśca` (back, west).

कर्म (karma) - action (karma) (action, deed, work, ritual action, fate)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, consequence of action (karma)

From root `kṛ` (to do) + `manin` suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

यत् (yat) - whatever (which, whatever, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Agrees with `karma`.

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the action) (that, it, he/she/it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he/she/it

Note: Agrees with `karma`.

प्रशस्तम् (praśastam) - excellent, commendable (praised, excellent, commendable, auspicious)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of praśasta

praśasta - praised, excellent, commendable, auspicious, blessed

Past Passive Participle

From `pra` (prefix) + root `śaṃs` (to praise) + `kta` suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)