महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-120, verse-30

नित्यं राष्ट्रमवेक्षेत गोभिः सूर्य इवोत्पतन् ।
चारांश्च नचरान्विद्यात्तथा बुद्ध्या न संज्वरेत् ॥३०॥

30. nityaṁ rāṣṭramavekṣeta gobhiḥ sūrya ivotpatan ,
cārāṁśca nacarānvidyāttathā buddhyā na saṁjvaret.

30. nityam rāṣṭram avekṣeta gobhiḥ sūryaḥ iva utpatan
cārān ca nacārān vidyāt tathā buddhyā na saṃjvaret

30. nityam rāṣṭram avekṣeta gobhiḥ sūryaḥ iva utpatan
cārān ca nacārān vidyāt tathā buddhyā na saṃjvaret

30. He should constantly oversee his kingdom, just as the sun rises with its rays. He should distinguish between spies and non-spies, and thereby, using his intellect, he should not fall into distress.

Words meanings summery:

• नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, always, perpetually

• राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - The king's territory. (kingdom, realm, nation)

• अवेक्षेत (avekṣeta) - he should observe/oversee/watch

• गोभिः (gobhiḥ) - With its rays (referring to the sun). (with rays, with cows)

• सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - sun, sun-god

• इव (iva) - Used for comparison. (like, as, as if)

• उत्पतन् (utpatan) - Rising (like the sun). (rising, ascending, soaring)

• चारान् (cārān) - Secret agents or spies. (spies, wanderers)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• नचारान् (nacārān) - People who are not spies, ordinary citizens. (non-spies)

• विद्यात् (vidyāt) - he should know/discern

• तथा (tathā) - Thereby, in consequence of doing so. (thus, so, in that manner)

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - Using his discerning intellect. (by intelligence, with intellect)

• न (na) - Negation of falling into distress. (not, no)

• संज्वरेत् (saṁjvaret) - He should not fall into anxiety or distress. (he should fall into distress/fever)

Words meanings and morphology

नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, always, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use of accusative singular neuter.

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adverb modifying `avekṣeta`.

राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - The king's territory. (kingdom, realm, nation)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, realm, nation, state

From √rāj (to rule).

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of `avekṣeta`.

अवेक्षेत (avekṣeta) - he should observe/oversee/watch

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of avekṣ

Optative, third person singular, middle voice.

From ava + √īkṣ (to see, perceive).

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the implied king.

गोभिः (gobhiḥ) - With its rays (referring to the sun). (with rays, with cows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, ray of light, earth

Root noun.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Instrumental of accompaniment, like a simile.

सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - sun, sun-god

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, sun-god

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Subject of the simile, "like the sun".

इव (iva) - Used for comparison. (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

उत्पतन् (utpatan) - Rising (like the sun). (rising, ascending, soaring)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of utpatat

utpatat - rising, flying up, springing forth

Present Active Participle.

From ut + √pat (to fly, fall).

Prefix: ut

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `sūryaḥ`.

चारान् (cārān) - Secret agents or spies. (spies, wanderers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of cāra

cāra - spy, messenger, wanderer, movement

From √car (to move, go).

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Object of `vidyāt`.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

नचारान् (nacārān) - People who are not spies, ordinary citizens. (non-spies)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nacāra

nacāra - not a spy, non-spy

Nañ-Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (na+cāra)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• cāra – spy, messenger, wanderer, movement
  noun (masculine)
  From √car (to move, go).
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Object of `vidyāt`.

विद्यात् (vidyāt) - he should know/discern

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √vid

Optative, third person singular, active voice.

From root √vid (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Refers to the implied king.

तथा (tathā) - Thereby, in consequence of doing so. (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - Using his discerning intellect. (by intelligence, with intellect)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intelligence, intellect, perception, understanding

From root √budh (to know, perceive).

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Instrumental of means.

न (na) - Negation of falling into distress. (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

संज्वरेत् (saṁjvaret) - He should not fall into anxiety or distress. (he should fall into distress/fever)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of saṃjvar

Optative, third person singular, active voice.

From sam + √jvar (to be feverish, distressed).

Prefix: sam

Root: jvar (class 1)

Note: Refers to the implied king.