महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-120, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
राजवृत्तान्यनेकानि त्वया प्रोक्तानि भारत ।
पूर्वैः पूर्वनियुक्तानि राजधर्मार्थवेदिभिः ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
rājavṛttānyanekāni tvayā proktāni bhārata ,
pūrvaiḥ pūrvaniyuktāni rājadharmārthavedibhiḥ.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca rājavṛttāni anekāni tvayā proktāni
bhārata pūrvaiḥ pūrvanijuktāni rājadharmārthavedibhiḥ

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca bhārata tvayā anekāni rājavṛttāni
proktāni pūrvaiḥ rājadharmārthavedibhiḥ pūrvanijuktāni

1. Yudhishthira said: O Bharata, you have spoken of many kinds of royal conduct, which were previously established by the ancients, by those who knew the meaning of the natural law (dharma) for kings.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (Yudhishthira (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• राजवृत्तानि (rājavṛttāni) - royal conduct (royal duties, conduct of kings)

• अनेकानि (anekāni) - many kinds of (many, numerous)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• प्रोक्तानि (proktāni) - spoken of, declared (spoken, declared, told, taught)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bharata (addressing Bhishma) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

• पूर्वैः (pūrvaiḥ) - by the ancients (by the former ones, by ancestors)

• पूर्वनिजुक्तानि (pūrvanijuktāni) - previously established (previously appointed, formerly ordained, established)

• राजधर्मार्थवेदिभिः (rājadharmārthavedibhiḥ) - by those who knew the meaning of the natural law (dharma) for kings (by those who know the meaning of royal duty/law)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (Yudhishthira (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle, Yudhishthira (eldest Pandava)

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

राजवृत्तानि (rājavṛttāni) - royal conduct (royal duties, conduct of kings)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of rājavṛtta

rājavṛtta - royal conduct, duties of kings, practice of kings

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+vṛtta)

• rājan – king, monarch
  noun (masculine)
• vṛtta – conduct, behaviour, course, act
  noun (neuter)
  Past passive participle of root vṛt (to be, exist)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Object of proktāni.

अनेकानि (anekāni) - many kinds of (many, numerous)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of aneka

aneka - many, numerous, not one

Compound of a (not) + eka (one)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+eka)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• eka – one, single, unique
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with rājavṛttāni.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent in passive construction.

प्रोक्तानि (proktāni) - spoken of, declared (spoken, declared, told, taught)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of prokta

prokta - spoken, declared, told, taught

Past Passive Participle

From root vac (to speak) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with rājavṛttāni and anekāni.

भारत (bhārata) - O Bharata (addressing Bhishma) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, Indian

Note: Refers to Bhishma as a descendant of Bharata.

पूर्वैः (pūrvaiḥ) - by the ancients (by the former ones, by ancestors)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pūrva

pūrva - former, ancient, prior, eastern

Note: Qualifies rājadharmārthavedibhiḥ implied.

पूर्वनिजुक्तानि (pūrvanijuktāni) - previously established (previously appointed, formerly ordained, established)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of pūrvanijukta

pūrvanijukta - previously appointed, formerly ordained, established before

Compound type : tatpurusha (pūrva+nijukta)

• pūrva – previous, former
  adjective (masculine)
• nijukta – appointed, assigned, engaged
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yuj (to join, apply) with prefix ni
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with rājavṛttāni and anekāni.

राजधर्मार्थवेदिभिः (rājadharmārthavedibhiḥ) - by those who knew the meaning of the natural law (dharma) for kings (by those who know the meaning of royal duty/law)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rājadharmārthavedin

rājadharmārthavedin - knower of the meaning/purpose of royal law/duty

Compound type : tatpurusha (rāja+dharma+artha+vedin)

• rājan – king, royal
  noun (masculine)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – meaning, purpose, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)
• vedin – knowing, one who knows
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with pūrvaiḥ.