महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-120, verse-43

विद्या तपो वा विपुलं धनं वा सर्वमेतद्व्यवसायेन शक्यम् ।
ब्रह्म यत्तं निवसति देहवत्सु तस्माद्विद्याद्व्यवसायं प्रभूतम् ॥४३॥

43. vidyā tapo vā vipulaṁ dhanaṁ vā; sarvametadvyavasāyena śakyam ,
brahma yattaṁ nivasati dehavatsu; tasmādvidyādvyavasāyaṁ prabhūtam.

43. vidyā tapaḥ vā vipulam dhanam vā
sarvam etat vyavasāyena śakyam |
brahma yattam nivasati dehavatsu
tasmāt vidyāt vyavasāyam prabhūtam

43. vidyā vā tapaḥ vā vipulam dhanam
vā sarvam etat vyavasāyena śakyam
yattam brahma dehavatsu nivasati
tasmāt vyavasāyam prabhūtam vidyāt

43. Knowledge (vidyā), austerity (tapas), or vast wealth—all of this is attainable through sustained effort. The absolute reality (brahman), which is striven for, resides in embodied beings. Therefore, one should understand sustained effort to be of great importance.

Words meanings summery:

• विद्या (vidyā) - knowledge (vidyā) (knowledge, learning, science)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

• विपुलम् (vipulam) - vast (vast, extensive, abundant, great)

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth (wealth, riches, property, money)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (all, whole, entire)

• एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the preceding items) (this, this here)

• व्यवसायेन (vyavasāyena) - through sustained effort (by sustained effort, by determination, by enterprise)

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - attainable, possible (possible, practicable, capable, able to be done)

• ब्रह्म (brahma) - the absolute reality (brahman) (Brahman, the absolute, sacred word, Veda)

• यत्तम् (yattam) - striven for (restrained, controlled, disciplined, striven for)

• निवसति (nivasati) - resides, dwells (dwells, resides, lives, inhabits)

• देहवत्सु (dehavatsu) - in embodied beings (in embodied beings, in those having bodies)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, thence)

• विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should understand (one should know, one should understand)

• व्यवसायम् (vyavasāyam) - sustained effort (determination, sustained effort, enterprise)

• प्रभूतम् (prabhūtam) - of great importance, supreme (abundant, much, mighty, important, supreme)

Words meanings and morphology

विद्या (vidyā) - knowledge (vidyā) (knowledge, learning, science)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning, science, wisdom

From root `vid` (to know) + `ya` suffix.

Root: vid (class 2)

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, penance, austerity, spiritual fervor, self-discipline (tapas)

From root `tap` (to heat, suffer penance).

Root: tap (class 1)

वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

विपुलम् (vipulam) - vast (vast, extensive, abundant, great)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vipula

vipula - vast, extensive, abundant, great, large

From `vi` (prefix) + root `pul` (to be large/heap).

Prefix: vi

Root: pul (class 1)

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth (wealth, riches, property, money)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, money, treasure

From root `dhā` (to place, hold).

Root: dhā (class 3)

वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (all, whole, entire)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the preceding items) (this, this here)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this here, the present

Demonstrative pronoun.

व्यवसायेन (vyavasāyena) - through sustained effort (by sustained effort, by determination, by enterprise)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vyavasāya

vyavasāya - determination, resolve, sustained effort, enterprise, exertion

From `vi` (prefix) + `ava` (prefix) + root `so` (to end, to strive) + `ghañ` suffix.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: so (class 4)

शक्यम् (śakyam) - attainable, possible (possible, practicable, capable, able to be done)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, practicable, capable, able to be done

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root `śak` (to be able) + `ya` suffix.

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Expresses possibility.

ब्रह्म (brahma) - the absolute reality (brahman) (Brahman, the absolute, sacred word, Veda)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of brahman

brahman - the Absolute, ultimate reality, sacred word, Veda, prayer, priest (brahman)

From root `bṛh` (to grow, expand).

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: This form is nominative singular neuter.

यत्तम् (yattam) - striven for (restrained, controlled, disciplined, striven for)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yatta

yatta - prepared, ready, attentive, restrained, controlled, striven for

Past Passive Participle

From root `yat` (to strive, endeavor, control) + `kta` suffix.

Root: yat (class 1)

निवसति (nivasati) - resides, dwells (dwells, resides, lives, inhabits)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vas

Present Active

From `ni` (prefix) + root `vas` (to dwell). 3rd person singular present active.

Prefix: ni

Root: vas (class 1)

देहवत्सु (dehavatsu) - in embodied beings (in embodied beings, in those having bodies)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of dehavat

dehavat - embodied, having a body, corporeal

From `deha` (body) + `matup` suffix.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, thence)

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of `tad`.

विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should understand (one should know, one should understand)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of vid

Optative Active

Root `vid`, class 2. 3rd person singular optative active.

Root: vid (class 2)

व्यवसायम् (vyavasāyam) - sustained effort (determination, sustained effort, enterprise)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyavasāya

vyavasāya - determination, resolve, sustained effort, enterprise, exertion

From `vi` (prefix) + `ava` (prefix) + root `so` (to end, to strive) + `ghañ` suffix.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: so (class 4)

Note: Object of `vidyāt`.

प्रभूतम् (prabhūtam) - of great importance, supreme (abundant, much, mighty, important, supreme)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prabhūta

prabhūta - abundant, much, mighty, strong, important, eminent, supreme

Past Passive Participle

From `pra` (prefix) + root `bhū` (to be) + `kta` suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)