महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-120, verse-31

कालप्राप्तमुपादद्यान्नार्थं राजा प्रसूचयेत् ।
अहन्यहनि संदुह्यान्महीं गामिव बुद्धिमान् ॥३१॥

31. kālaprāptamupādadyānnārthaṁ rājā prasūcayet ,
ahanyahani saṁduhyānmahīṁ gāmiva buddhimān.

31. kālaprāptam upādadyāt na artham rājā prasūcayet
ahani ahani saṃduhyāt mahīm gām iva buddhimān

31. rājā kālaprāptam upādadyāt,
artham na prasūcayet.
buddhimān ahani ahani mahīm gām iva saṃduhyāt

31. A king should collect taxes and revenue at the appropriate time; he should not announce his financial needs in advance. A wise ruler should milk the earth daily, just as one milks a cow.

Words meanings summery:

• कालप्राप्तम् (kālaprāptam) - Revenue or taxes due at the appointed time. (what has arrived at its proper time, timely due)

• उपादद्यात् (upādadyāt) - He should collect (taxes/revenue). (he should accept/take)

• न (na) - Negation of "should announce". (not, no)

• अर्थम् (artham) - Financial resources, revenue. (wealth, purpose, object, meaning, revenue)

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• प्रसूचयेत् (prasūcayet) - He should not announce his need for revenue in advance. (he should announce, proclaim, indicate)

• अहनि (ahani) - Day by day. (on a day, in a day)

• अहनि (ahani) - Day by day. (on a day, in a day)

• संदुह्यात् (saṁduhyāt) - He should extract resources from the earth. (he should milk)

• महीम् (mahīm) - The kingdom or territory. (the earth)

• गाम् (gām) - Used in a simile to compare the earth to a cow. (cow)

• इव (iva) - Used for comparison. (like, as, as if)

• बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - Refers to the king, emphasizing his wisdom in governing. (wise, intelligent)

Words meanings and morphology

कालप्राप्तम् (kālaprāptam) - Revenue or taxes due at the appointed time. (what has arrived at its proper time, timely due)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kālaprāpta

kālaprāpta - arrived at the proper time, opportune, due

Past Passive Participle compound.

Tatpuruṣa compound: kāla (time) + prāpta (obtained/arrived).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (kāla+prāpta)

• kāla – time, season, proper time
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kal (class 10)
• prāpta – obtained, arrived, reached
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From pra + √āp (to obtain, reach).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Object of `upādadyāt`.

उपादद्यात् (upādadyāt) - He should collect (taxes/revenue). (he should accept/take)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of upādā

Optative, third person singular, active voice.

From upa + ā + √dā (to take, accept).

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Refers to the implied king.

न (na) - Negation of "should announce". (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

अर्थम् (artham) - Financial resources, revenue. (wealth, purpose, object, meaning, revenue)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - wealth, property, purpose, object, meaning, revenue

From √ṛ (to go, move, attain).

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Object of `prasūcayet`.

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of `prasūcayet`.

प्रसूचयेत् (prasūcayet) - He should not announce his need for revenue in advance. (he should announce, proclaim, indicate)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of prasūc

Optative, third person singular, active voice.

From pra + √sūc (to indicate, announce).

Prefix: pra

Root: sūc (class 10)

Note: Refers to the king.

अहनि (ahani) - Day by day. (on a day, in a day)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day

n-stem noun.

Note: Adverbial use, typically repeated (`ahany ahani`).

अहनि (ahani) - Day by day. (on a day, in a day)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day

n-stem noun.

Note: Repetition indicates "day by day".

संदुह्यात् (saṁduhyāt) - He should extract resources from the earth. (he should milk)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of saṃduh

Optative, third person singular, active voice.

From sam + √duh (to milk).

Prefix: sam

Root: duh (class 2)

Note: Refers to the wise king.

महीम् (mahīm) - The kingdom or territory. (the earth)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, ground, land

From √mah (to be great).

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Object of `saṃduhyāt`.

गाम् (gām) - Used in a simile to compare the earth to a cow. (cow)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of go

go - cow, ox, ray of light, earth

Root noun.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of comparison with `mahīm`.

इव (iva) - Used for comparison. (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - Refers to the king, emphasizing his wisdom in governing. (wise, intelligent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of buddhimat

buddhimat - wise, intelligent, endowed with intellect

Primary derivative (mat-suffix).

From buddhi (intellect) + matup suffix.

Note: Qualifies the implied king as the subject of `saṃduhyāt`.