महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-120, verse-29

व्यक्तश्चानुग्रहो यस्य यथार्थश्चापि निग्रहः ।
गुप्तात्मा गुप्तराष्ट्रश्च स राजा राजधर्मवित् ॥२९॥

29. vyaktaścānugraho yasya yathārthaścāpi nigrahaḥ ,
guptātmā guptarāṣṭraśca sa rājā rājadharmavit.

29. vyaktaḥ ca anugrahaḥ yasya yathārthaḥ ca api nigrahaḥ
guptātmā guptarāṣṭraḥ ca sa rājā rājadharmavit

29. yasya anugrahaḥ ca vyaktaḥ,
yasya nigrahaḥ ca api yathārthaḥ,
yaḥ guptātmā ca guptarāṣṭraḥ,
sa rājā rājadharmavit

29. That king, whose favor is clearly evident and whose punishment is always appropriate, who keeps himself (ātman) protected and his kingdom secure, truly understands the duty of a king (rājadharma).

Words meanings summery:

• व्यक्तः (vyaktaḥ) - clearly evident (referring to favor) (manifest, evident, clear, distinct)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• अनुग्रहः (anugrahaḥ) - The king's favor/benevolence. (favor, grace, kindness)

• यस्य (yasya) - Referring to the king whose qualities are being described. (whose, of whom, of which)

• यथार्थः (yathārthaḥ) - Appropriate and justified (referring to punishment). (proper, appropriate, just, true to reality)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• अपि (api) - Also, in addition to favor, punishment is just. (also, even, too)

• निग्रहः (nigrahaḥ) - The king's act of punishment. (restraint, punishment, control)

• गुप्तात्मा (guptātmā) - Referring to the king who protects his own person or inner being. (whose self is protected, self-protected)

• गुप्तराष्ट्रः (guptarāṣṭraḥ) - Referring to the king who protects his territory. (whose kingdom is protected, having a protected kingdom)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• स (sa) - Referring back to the king described by the previous attributes. (that (he))

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• राजधर्मवित् (rājadharmavit) - One who understands the principles of kingship. (knower of royal duty/law)

Words meanings and morphology

व्यक्तः (vyaktaḥ) - clearly evident (referring to favor) (manifest, evident, clear, distinct)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyakta

vyakta - manifest, evident, clear, distinct, developed

Past Passive Participle

From vi + √añj (to anoint, make clear).

Prefix: vi

Root: añj (class 7)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अनुग्रहः (anugrahaḥ) - The king's favor/benevolence. (favor, grace, kindness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anugraha

anugraha - favor, grace, kindness, assistance

From anu + √grah (to seize, accept).

Prefix: anu

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Subject of 'vyaktaḥ'.

यस्य (yasya) - Referring to the king whose qualities are being described. (whose, of whom, of which)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Relative pronoun.

Note: Connects the clause to the king.

यथार्थः (yathārthaḥ) - Appropriate and justified (referring to punishment). (proper, appropriate, just, true to reality)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yathārtha

yathārtha - true to reality, real, just, proper, appropriate

From yathā (as, according to) + artha (meaning, purpose, reality).

Compound type : Avyayībhāva (yathā+artha)

• yathā – as, according to
  indeclinable
  Relational adverb.
• artha – meaning, purpose, wealth, reality
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अपि (api) - Also, in addition to favor, punishment is just. (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

निग्रहः (nigrahaḥ) - The king's act of punishment. (restraint, punishment, control)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nigraha

nigraha - restraint, control, punishment, suppression

From ni + √grah (to seize, hold).

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Subject of 'yathārthaḥ'.

गुप्तात्मा (guptātmā) - Referring to the king who protects his own person or inner being. (whose self is protected, self-protected)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guptātman

guptātman - one whose self (ātman) is hidden or protected

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (gupta+ātman)

• gupta – protected, hidden, secret
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √gup (to protect, hide).
  Root: gup (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

गुप्तराष्ट्रः (guptarāṣṭraḥ) - Referring to the king who protects his territory. (whose kingdom is protected, having a protected kingdom)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guptarāṣṭra

guptarāṣṭra - one whose kingdom is hidden or protected

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (gupta+rāṣṭra)

• gupta – protected, hidden, secret
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √gup (to protect, hide).
  Root: gup (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, nation
  noun (neuter)
  From √rāj (to rule).
  Root: rāj (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

स (sa) - Referring back to the king described by the previous attributes. (that (he))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of the main clause (understood verb "is").

राजधर्मवित् (rājadharmavit) - One who understands the principles of kingship. (knower of royal duty/law)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājadharmavid

rājadharmavid - knower of royal duty/law/natural law (dharma)

Agent noun.

Tatpuruṣa compound, from rājādharma (royal duty) + √vid (to know).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (rājādharma+vid)

• rājādharma – royal duty, law of kings, king's constitution (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Tatpuruṣa compound.
• vid – knowing, understanding, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun.
  From root √vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative to "sa rājā".